Hydration of histamine was examined by infrared spectroscopy and Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulation. Histamine is a neurotransmitter and inflammation mediator, which at physiological pH conditions is present mainly in monocationic form. Our focus was on the part of vibrational spectra that corresponds to histamine N–H stretching, since these degrees of freedom are essential for its interactions with either water molecules or transporters and receptors. Assignment of the experimental spectra revealed a broad feature between 3350 and 2300 cm–1, being centered at 2950 cm–1, which includes a mixed contribution from the ring N–H and the aminoethyl N–H stretching vibrations. Computational analysis was performed in two ways: first, by making Fourier transformation on the autocorrelation function of all four N–H bond distances recorded during CPMD run, and second, and most importantly, by incorporating quantum effects through applying an a posteriori quantization of all N–H stretching motions utilizing our snapshot analysis of the fluctuating proton potential. The one-dimensional vibrational Schrödinger equation was solved numerically for each snapshot, and the N–H stretching envelopes were calculated as a superposition of the 0→1 transitions. The agreement with the experiment was much better in the case of the second approach. Our calculations clearly demonstrated that the ring amino group absorbs at higher frequencies than the remaining three amino N–H protons of the protonated aminoethyl group, implying that the chemical bonding in the former group is stronger than in the three amino N–H bonds, thus forming weaker hydrogen bonding with the surrounding solvent molecules. In this way the results of the simulation complemented the experimental spectrum that cannot distinguish between the two sets of protons. The effects of deuteration were also considered. The resulting N–D absorption is narrower and red-shifted. The presented methodology is of general applicability to strongly correlated systems, and it is particularly tuned to provide computational support to vibrational spectroscopy. Perspectives are given for its future applications in computational studies of tunneling in enzyme reactive centers and for receptor activation.
A relation between CH stretching frequencies and s characters of the corresponding bonds is obtained, using the data of CH, CHD and CHD 2 , groups in hydrocarbons and the maximum overlap approximation [MOA] method. A relationship between dissociation energies and overlap integrals of CH bonds is also found. A new formula for calculating bond energies in hydrocarbons is proposed.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAb Initio Study on the Structural Properties of Hexafluorocyclobutene, 3,3,4,4-Tetrafluorocyclobutene, and Cyclobutene: The Remarkable Length of the C(3)-C(4) BondRoland H. Hertwig, Wolfram Koch, and Zvonimir B. MaksicCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 1, 173–176Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100001a030https://doi.org/10.1021/j100001a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Abstract Introduction and Scope Antiaromaticity of Four‐Membered Rings Cyclobutadiene in Excited State Cyclobutadiene Dications and Dianions Squaric Acid, its Anions and Related Compounds Sigma‐Antiaromaticity of Molecules Involving Saturated Four‐Membered Ring(s) Conclusion Acknowledgments
The problem of the methyl cation attack on carbon atoms belonging to the benzene moiety fused to small rings is explored by the ab initio models at the MP2 level of sophistication. It is shown that the β-position is more reactive than the α-site in kinetically controlled reactions, which is in accordance with the original Mills–Nixon postulate. On the other hand, it appears that in thermodynamically controlled electrophilic substitution reactions the α-site should be slightly preferred for three-, four- and five-membered annelated rings. The differences between the methyl cation affinities MCAβ and MCAα are analyzed and resolved into angular strain and the cationic resonance contribution. The latter involves the hyperconjugation/conjugation and relaxation effects. It turns out that the angular strain contribution is inversely proportional to the size of the annelated ring, whereas the opposite is the case for the cationic resonance interaction. Their interplay determines the selectivity and its extent in the electrophilic substitution reactions. The same analysis is applicable to other electrophilic groups.
The problem of the existence of two Kekulé isomers 1a and 1b of cyclobutadieno-p-benzoquinone is addressed by the CAS(10,10)/6-31G*//GVB(2)/6-31G* and CASPT2(10,10)/ANO(3s2p1d,2s1p)//GVB(2)/6-31G* theoretical models. It is shown that the barrier separating these isomers on the Born−Oppenheimer surface practically disappears if the zero-point vibrational energies are taken into account. The angular strain and antiaromaticity of the more stable isomer 1a are estimated by employing the appropriate homodesmic reactions. It is concluded that 1a should be experimentally isolable, albeit in extreme conditions.
The gas phase basicities and pKa values in acetonitrile of azacalix[3](2,6)pyridine and its derivatives are determined by the B3LYP DFT method. It is found that all compounds of this series are neutral organic superbases. The proton attacks the inner pyridine N(sp2) atom, thus forming a bifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bond. The most powerful superbase is provided by the hexakis(dimethylamino) derivative of the title compound. Its gas phase proton affinity is 296.6 kcal mol-1, its basicity is 291.3 kcal mol-1, and its pKa(MeCN) is 30.9 units. [structure: see text]