Jain Subodh

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Preliminary Study of Population Diversity of Collembola in Agra Regions

Collembola, an important group of soil microarthropods are usually associated with moist habitats. However, some species show adaptation to ecosystems subject to periodic desiccation. This study examined population structure of Collembola communities was studied in native natural site at Agra .Soil apterygotes were dominated by collembolans belonging to the families, Isotomidae and Entomobryoidae. The highest density was of Entomobryoidae found during rainy season followed by Isotomidae.However the least population was that 0f Poduridae and Tomoceridae.The present study establishes a direct effect of high atmospheric temperature and low soil moisture on the population density of these microarthropods and this population is also affected by the soil management practices. These soil microarthropods especially Collembola are of great significance for the health of the soil and its fertility.

Agra

Population density

Springtail

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PHYTOCHEMICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF CLOVE OIL: A REVIEW

Rajesh Yadav Vikram Singh Chauhan Raaz Maheshwari Jain Subodh

The clove is an evergreen tree, called Eugenia arena, reaching a height of 15 to 30 feet tall. The bark is pale yellowish gray in color and smooth. It has opposite ovate (egg-shaped) leaves 3-6 inches long. Its flowers, are red and white, bell-shaped, and grow in clusters. The flowers when gathered are at first of a reddish color, but on drying they assume a deep brown cast. The familiar clove used in the kitchen is the dried flower bud. Clove oil is 60 to 90% eugenol, which is the source of its antifungal, anesthetic and antiseptic properties. Laboratory test has shown that eugenol exhibited marked antifungal activity. They also confirmed cloves' effectiveness in inhibiting food-borne pathogens as well as other bacteria. Eugenol is also found in cinnamon, sage and oregano.Its primary nutrients are Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Vitamins A, Vitamin B-complex and Vitamin C. The oil of clove is prepared by steam distillation.

Phytochemical

Methyl eugenol

Mucilage

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Effects of Rotenoids from Indigofera tinctoria (L) R. Br. On Callosobruchus chinensis and Trogoderma granarium

Rajesh Kumar Yadav Daulat Singh Deepmala Verma Raaz Maheshwari Jain Subodh

Six rotenoids have isolated from Indigofera tinctoria, characterized by means of their spectral data and/or co-tlc. The total estimation studies revealed that rotenol was major rotenoid in both in vivo and in vitro. Similarly, by elicitation studies, we observed that summatrol synthesis was higher at the concentration of 0.01 mM ergosterol and salicylic acid. Among all sequential fractions, methanol fraction demonstrated modern mortality rate (70%) on 24h against Callosobruchus chinensis and summatrol. the isolated rotenoid, possesses maximum mortality rate (80%) at the concentration of 1.0 and 2.0% after 12h against C. chinensis and 70% mortality rate to Trogoderma granarium.

Callosobruchus chinensis

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Nitrate Ion Contaminated Groundwater: Its Health Hazards, Preventive & Denitrification Measures

Raaz Maheshwari Bina Rani Anju Sharma Rajesh Kumar Yadav Shobha Sharma

The occurrence of high nitrate levels in groundwater has to be recognized as a threat to human and animals. Infant methaemoglobinaemia and nitrate poisoning in livestock occur at unexpected times and places. An important reason is that nitrate concentrations are variable, particularly under extreme climatic conditions. All instances of nitrate pollution related to anthropogenic sources can be managed to reduce or eliminate nitrogen inputs and for protecting groundwater resources. Hence the purpose of this manuscript is to present the facts related to the health hazards, describe processes leading to nitrate pollution of groundwater, and to present strategies to eliminate nitrate pollution.

Groundwater Pollution

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Investigations of radiation properties of a circular disk microstrip antenna with a slot

Varun Tiwari V. Bhardwaj J. S. Saini Puneet Kumar Komal Sharma

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Review Article Triphala: A Versatile Counteractive Assortment of Ailments

B. Rani M. V. S. R. PRASAD Rajesh Kumar Yadav Vikram Singh Chauhan Shobha Sharma

The fruits of Triphala (Harada, Aaonla and Bihara) each correspond to the three humours or tridosha of Indian Ayurvedic medicine. According to Ayurvedic theory, the body is composed of doshas or humours. Vata is sometimes translated as wind which corresponds to the mind and nervous system. Its nature is dry, cold, light and activating. The second is pitta which is also translated as or bile. It is responsible for all metabolic transformations including the digestion and assimilation of food as well as assimilation and clarity of thought and understanding. The nature of pitta is primarily hot, moist and light. Kapha is sometimes translated as the or humour and is responsible for all anabolic or building functions such as the development of muscle and bone tissue. Its nature is cool, moist and heavy. Harada, having a bitter flavor, is associated with the vata humour and with elemenst of well air and space. It treats imbalances and diseases of the vata humour. Harada possesses laxative, astringent, lubricant, antiparasitical, alterative, antispasmodic and nervine properties. It is therefore used to treat acute and chronic constipation, nervousness, anxiety and feelings of physical heaviness. Among Tibetans, Harada is so highly revered for its purifying attributes that it is the small fruit that is depicted in the hands of the medicine Buddha in their sacred paintings or tankas. Of the fruits, Harada is the most laxative and contains anthroquinones similar to those found in rhubarb and cascara. Aaonla has a sour flavor and corresponds to the pitta humour and the fire element in Ayurvedic medicine. It is a cooling tonic, astringent, mildly laxative, alterative, antipyretic. It is used to treat fire imbalances that include ulcers, inflammation of the stomach nd intestines, constipation, diarrhea, liver congestion, eruptions, infections and burning feelings throughout the body. In various studies, Aaonla has been shown to have mild anti-bacterial properties, as well as pronounced expectorant, anti-viral and cardiotonic activity.Aaonla is the highest natural known source of vitamin C, having 20 times the vitamin C content of an orange. The vitamin C in Aaonla is also uniquely heat stable. Even when subjected to prolonged high heat, as in the making of the Ayurvedic tonic formula called Chyavanprash (Aaonla, as the primary herb comprises 50% of the formula), it loses hardly any of the vitamin C that was present when it was freshly harvested off the tree. The same is true of Aaonla that has been dried and kept for up to a year. This age and heat stable form of vitamin C that Aaonla possesses is due to the presence of certain tannins that bind and inhibit its dissipation. Bihara is astringent, tonic, digestive and anti-spasmodic. Its primary flavor is astringent and the secondary is sweet, bitter and pungent. It targets imbalances associated with the kapha or mucus humour, corresponding to the earth and water elements in Ayurvedic medicine. Specifically Bihara purifies and balances excess mucus, treats asthma, bronchiole conditions, allergies and hiccoughs. In this article various meaningful applications of triphala are delineated precisely.

Astringent

Antispasmodic

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Noise Pollution: An Annoyance to Endurance

Raaz Maheshwari Magan Prasad Rajesh Kumar Yadav Shobha Sharma Bina Rani

The number of people dying in urban India due to deteriorating air quality is rising every year and very little is being done to deal with pollution in Indian cities. Pollution is a noun derived from transitive verb ‘pollute’, which according to Random House Dictionary of English Language means: to foul, to pollute the air, etc. An important component of air pollution which is assuming importance is the Pollution from Noise. Noise is an inescapable by product of industrial environment, which is increasing very fast with the advancement in industrialization. The Industries located in the residential areas such as the printing press, agro based industries, automobiles repairing, grinding mills, etc. are the main sources of community noise affecting public continuously living in the vicinity. In this short communication, nuisance, adverse impacts and some remedial measures of noise pollution are delineated concisely.

Annoyance

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