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Objective
To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in middle aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and clarify the associated risk factors.
Methods
From January 2016 to March 2018, 1 125 T2DM patients over 50 years old in endocrinology departments of nine hospitals in Beijing were enrolled in this study with system random sampling method. All patients, including 586 males and 539 females, were grouped into middle aged group (50-59 years), young elderly group (60-74 years) and elderly group (over 75 years) by age. Body composition was measured with bioimpedance analysis. Low muscle mass was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index below 7.18 kg/m2 in men and 5.73 kg/m2 in women. Low muscle strength was defined as grip strength below 29.5 kg in men and 21.2 kg in women. Sarcopenia was defined with low muscle mass coexisted with low grip strength. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence difference between groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was used for correlation analysis.
Results
(1) The detection rate of low muscle mass in all participants was 14.0%(157/1 125),which was significantly higher in male than that in female(18.3% vs 9.3%, χ2=18.867, P<0.05). (2) The detection rate of low grip strength in all participants was 36% (405/1 125), which was significantly higher in male than that in female (50.3% vs 20.4%, χ2=109.183, P<0.05). (3) The prevalence of sarcopenia in all participants was 8.5%(96/1 125), which was significantly higher in male than that in female (12.8% vs 3.9%, χ2=28.509, P<0.05). The prevalence of sarcopenia were 4.4%(21/475), 8.9%(49/548), 25.5%(26/102) in middle aged group, young elderly group and elderly group, respectively (χ2=47.984, P<0.05). The sarcopenic prevalence in male was obviously higher than that in female in young elderly and elderly group (χ2=9.872-16.325, all P<0.05). (4) Logistic regression analysis showed that men, aging, low body mass index (BMI) and high glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were risk factors associated with sarcopenia. The risk of sarcopenia increased obviously in patients older than 75 years (OR=4.992, 95%CI: 2.448-10.179) or whose HbA1c was over 10% (OR=3.563, 95%CI:1.526-8.322) .
Conclusions
The risk of low muscle mass and low muscle strength increases in aged and elderly patients with T2DM. Low BMI, aging, high HbA1c were risk factors associated with sarcopenia in elderly patients with T2DM.
Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Sarcopenia; Aged; Body mass index
Allergies have become an important public health issue as their occurrence is reportedly on the rise around the world. Exposure to environmental factors is considered as trigger for allergic diseases. However, there was limited data on the importance of each factor, particularly in China. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between occurrence of allergic diseases with exposure to multiple environmental factors via wastewater surveillance across 28 cities in China. The surveillance was conducted by measuring biomarkers of proxies of allergic diseases, i.e. antihistamines, asthma drug, and of smoking, i.e. cotinine in wastewater. Data of green space and air quality were also collected. We observed the level of antihistamine use were significantly associated with smoking, green space and pollen but not significant with air pollution. People in Northern China used more antihistamines than their compatriots in Southern China, an observation aligning with previous reporting of more allergy prevalence in the North than the South of China. Our study affirmed that in China smoking is responsible for a rise in allergy and asthma in the population. Meanwhile, selected sensitizing pollens (occurring during summer) could have stronger impact to trigger allergies than other pollens (occurring in winter).
Abstract A growing body of literature recognizes associations between eating disorders (EDs) and schizophrenia and suggests that familial liability to schizophrenia in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) reveals distinct patterns of clinical outcomes. To further investigate the influence of schizophrenia genetic liability among individuals with EDs, we evaluated the associations between schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) and clinical presentations of individuals with EDs including their overall health condition and ED-related symptoms. Using data from two previous studies of the genetics of EDs comprising 3,573 Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI) cases and 696 Binge Eating Genetics Initiative (BEGIN) cases born after 1973 and linked to the Swedish National Patient Register, we examined the association of schizophrenia PRS on ED clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, and somatic and mental health burden. Among ANGI cases, higher schizophrenia PRS was statistically significantly associated with higher risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) measured by hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) (HR [95% CI]: 1.07 [1.02, 1.13]) and substance abuse disorder (SUD) (HR [95% CI]: 1.14 [1.03, 1.25]) after applying multiple testing correction. Additionally, higher schizophrenia PRS was associated with decreased clinical impairment assessment scores (−0.56, 95% CI: [−1.04, −0.08]) at the conventional significance level ( p < 0.05). Further, in BEGIN cases, higher schizophrenia PRS was statistically significantly associated with earlier age at first ED symptom (−0.35 year, 95% CI: [−0.64, −0.06]), higher ED symptom scores (0.16, 95% CI: [0.04, 0.29]), higher risk of MDD (HR [95% CI]: 1.18 [1.04, 1.34]) and SUD (HR [95% CI]: 1.36 [1.07, 1.73]). Similar, but attenuated, patterns held in the subgroup of exclusively AN vs other eating disorder (OED) cases. These results suggest a similar pattern of influence of schizophrenia PRS for AN and OED cases in terms of psychiatric comorbidities, but a different pattern in terms of ED-related clinical features. The disparity of the effect of schizophrenia PRS on AN vs OED merits further investigation.
Raman spectroscopy detecting technique rapidly develops in the field of material composition detection, including electrical insulation materials. In this paper, three kinds of mineral insulating oil are selected to form three experimental control groups with insulating paper. Take samples of aging oil according to specified aging time to collect Raman spectrums, establishing a data set for each group, respectively. In addition, a new diagnostic model is introduced, which consists of wavelet scattering network and kernel SVM fulfilling recognition of different aging stages. It shows that all classification accuracy results are above 90%, where validates that scattering features transformed from Raman spectrums are effectively classified by proposed model.
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