Abstract Oxidative stress is widely involved in the pathological process of ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion. Several research have demonstrated that eliminating or reducing oxidative stress can alleviate the pathological changes of ischemic stroke. However, current clinical antioxidant treatment did not always perform as expected. This bibliometric research aims to identify research trends, topics, hotspots and evolution on oxidative stress in the field of ischemic stroke, and to find potentially antioxidant strategies in future clinical treatment. Relevant publications were searched from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection databases (2001–2022). VOSviewer was used to visualize and analyze the development trends and hotspots. In the field of oxidative stress and ischemic stroke, the number of publications increased significantly from 2001 to 2022. China and the USA were the leading countries for publication output. The most prolific institutions were Stanford University. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism and Stroke were the most cited journals. The research topics in this field include inflammation with oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage with oxidative stress, oxidative stress in reperfusion injury, oxidative stress in cognitive impairment and basic research and clinical translation of oxidative stress. Moreover, "NLRP3 inflammasome", "autophagy", "mitophagy", "miRNA", "ferroptosis" and "signaling pathway" are the emerging research hotspots in recent years. At present, multi-target regulation focusing on multi-mechanism crosstalk has progressed across this period, while challenges come from the transformation of basic research to clinical application. New detection technology and new nanomaterials are expected to integrate oxidative stress into the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke better.
Tracheotomy has played an important role in the treatment of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), the appropriate tracheotomy time will affect the prognosis of patients. However, the timing of tracheostomy after severe TBI remains controversial. To find the optimal time for tracheostomy, the authors compared the effects of early tracheostomy (ET) versus late tracheostomy (LT) on TBI-related outcomes and prognosis.The clinical data of 98 patients with severe TBI treated by tracheotomy at NICU, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, January 2017 to January 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. According to the time of the tracheotomy during the treatment, the patients were divided into ET group (after admission <3 days) and LT group (>3 days after admission). The NICU stay, hospital stay, long duration of antibiotic use, pneumonia rates, mortality rates, improvement of nerve function, complications of tracheotomy, and treatment cost were compared between the 2 groups.The NICU stay, hospitalization stay, and antibiotic use time of patients in the ET group were shorter than those in the LT group (P < 0.05). The pneumonia rates and the cost of hospitalization in the ET group were lower than those in the LT group (P < 0.05). The complications of the tracheostomy, mortality, and neurologic function improvements were not statistically significant in the 2 groups (P > 0.05).For severe TBI, ET can reduce the NICU stay, hospitalization stay, length of antibiotic use, and reduce the incidence rates of pneumonia and the cost of hospitalization compared with LT, but there is no significant improvement in the mortality rates and neurologic function of patients during hospitalization.
In recent years, neurovascular unit (NVU) which is composed of neurons, astrocytes (Ast), microglia (MG), vascular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), has become an attractive field in ischemic stroke. As the important component of NVU, Ast closely interacts with other constituents, which has been playing double-edged sword roles, beneficial or detrimental after ischemic stroke. Based on the pathophysiological changes, we evaluated some strategies for targeting Ast in treating ischemic stroke. The present review is focused on the roles of Ast in NVU and its complex signaling molecular network after ischemic stroke, which may be a prospective approach to the treatment of ischemic diseases in central nervous system.
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