Peace Kankwatsa

National Agricultural Research Organisation

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Robert Muzira

National Agricultural Research Organisation

Hellen Mutenyo

National Agricultural Research Organisation

Maggiore Kyomugisha

National Agricultural Research Organisation

Davinder Singh

Mountain Park Health Center

J. J. Hakiza

National Agricultural Research Organisation

Robert Park

University of Sydney

Laban F. Turyagyenda

National Agricultural Research Organisation

John Bosco Muhumuza

Kabale University

Grace Nalukwago

S. Byenkya

National Agricultural Research Organisation

Cooperative Institutions

National Agricultural Research Organisation

International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

University of Sydney

Makerere University

International Center for Tropical Agriculture

National Agricultural Research Institute

Agricultural Research Service

Mbarara University of Science and Technology

International Potato Center

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Improved Groundnut Performance under Natural Field Leaf Spot and Rosette Mosaic Virus Infections in the South Western Agro-Ecological Zone of Uganda

OALib (2021)

Peace Kankwatsa Laban F. Turyagyenda Maggiore Kyomugisha K. D. Okello

For farmers to satisfy the food, nutrition and income demands on groundnut in the South Western Agro-Ecological Zone (SWAEZ), the accessibility, and adaptability of economically viable and high performing varietal and non-varietal technologies must increase to enhance production.Field experiments to evaluate the agronomic performance of advanced lines of improved nine AGRA red, nine Spanish and six Serenut varieties were concurrently carried out on-station at the Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MbaZARDI) in Mbarara District, Uganda.The AGRA red and Spanish groundnut lines showed high levels of rosette mosaic disease (GRD) tolerance in the zone.The short AGRA and Spanish lines were highly resistant to leaf spots, while the tall lines were highly susceptible to leaf spots, and not drought tolerant.The late maturing AGRA lines (SGV 99241 and SGV 99046), yielded better than the early maturing lines (SGV 99065 and SGV 99043).The best performing AGRA lines identified for promotion in the zone were SGV 99241, 99046, 99064, 99048, 99019 and 99032.The most leaf spot-resistant Spanish line was ICGV SM 02501, but lines ICGV SM 01514, ICGV SM 03590, ICGV SM 01515 and ICGV SM 01502 displayed varying levels of resistance during the two seasons of 2015.Spanish lines: ICGV SM 01502, ICGV SM 99568, ICGV SM 01504, ICGV SM 01510, ICGV SM 99555, ICGV SM 01514 and ICGV SM 01515 were suitable for growing in the SWAEZ.Spanish lines that were either highly resistant or resistant to groundnut rosette virus disease (GRD), unfortunately, were either moderately-susceptible or susceptible to the leaf spot diseases.Therefore, the tested Spanish lines were only suitable to environments that are prone to GRD but free of the leaf spot pa-

Mosaic

Rosette (schizont appearance)

Mosaic virus

10.4236/oalib.1107200

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Citations (3)

Efficacy of different fungicide spray schedules for control of potato late blight in Southwestern Uganda

Crop Protection (2003)

Peace Kankwatsa J. J. Hakiza O. M. Olanya H.M Kidenamariam E. Adipala

Phytophthora infestans

Metalaxyl

10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00220-x

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Citations (21)

Efficacy and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Indigenous Technical Knowledge versus Recommended Integrated Pest and Disease Management Technologies on Common Beans in South Western Uganda

OALib (2018)

Peace Kankwatsa

The common bean is the second most important food and third economically important crop after banana and coffee in the South Western Agro-Ecological Zone of Uganda.Farmers' returns to investment in bean production are consistently negative mainly due to losses resulting from collective effects of insect pests and diseases that cause damages at the various plant growth stages.This research study was carried out to 1) identify the major insect pests and diseases affecting the common beans in the zone; 2) test and compare the performance of the local/traditional practices versus integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) technology combinations; 3) determine the yield performance of improved varieties under the different pest control practices; 4) evaluate the profitability of the different pest and disease management practices.Results showed that cutworm, thrips, aphid and defoliating beetles were the major insect pests, while angular leaf spot, ascochyta blight, anthracnose and the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) were the major diseases.Improved varieties managed with the recommended IPDM technology combination were more protected compared to the farmers' indigenous practices.The climbing varieties had significantly higher yield (3.4 t/ha) than the local bush variety (1.2 t/ha).Consequently, the application of indigenous practices resulted in negative returns to investment while the combination of research recommended technologies including judicial inorganic pesticide application led to positive returns to investment in bean production.The marginal rate of return (MRR) of IPDM technologies including inorganic pesticides was two times greater, implying that integration of improved variety with recom-How to cite this paper:

Disease management

Traditional Knowledge

10.4236/oalib.1104589

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Citations (7)

Agronomic Assessment of Upland Rice Varieties under Unpredictable Rains in the Semi-Arid Conditions of South-Western Agro-Ecological Zone of Uganda

OALib (2020)

Robert Muzira Laban F. Turyagyenda Peace Kankwatsa Hellen Mutenyo Steven Natuha

This paper examined agronomic performance of three upland New RICE for Africa (NERICA) varieties promoted by the Government of Uganda in its efforts to improve household food and income security among smallholder farmers.Three rain-fed experimental trials were conducted on station at Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MBAZARDI), with semi-arid climate conditions typical of more than 50% of the South-Western Agro-Ecological Zone (SWAEZ) of Uganda.The experimental trials were established in the long rain seasons that often occur in September-December period.But results for only one successful long rain seasonal trial of 2010 are presented in this paper.Successful experimental trial for upland NERICA had an average precipitation of 130 mm that was well distributed especially from booting stage, which is the most sensitive growth stage for upland NERICA.During the growth period, NERICA 1 and NERICA 4 were significantly taller (p < 0.05) than NERICA 10.NERICA 4 had the highest yields: two-folds that of NERICA 1, but four-folds lower than that obtained in Namulonge Crops Resource Research Institute (NACRRI), the breeder station for NERICA in Uganda.Grain yields of NERICA 4 were also below the national average of rice productivity estimated at 2.5 t•ha -1 .Although, NERICA 4 ranked top in terms of grain yields among the tested upland NERICA varieties and therefore, most possible candidate for smallholder rice farmers in the humid parts of the SWAEZ, it called for more breeding for upland NERICA varieties with traits that could increase their tolerance to low soil moisture most prevalent How to cite this paper:

Upland rice

10.4236/oalib.1105988

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Citations (1)

Exploration of the Growth Performance of Indigenous and Exotic Banana Clones in the Semi-Arid Climate of South-Western Agro-Ecological Zone of Uganda

OALib (2020)

Robert Muzira Laban F. Turyagyenda Peace Kankwatsa Maggiore Kyomugisha Hellen Mutenyo

On station experimental trial on the growth performance and resistance against black sigatoka of the indigenous and exotic banana clones were evaluated at Mbarara Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute.The experiment composed of 11 indigenous and 3 exotic banana clones planted at 3 × 3 m, and replicated three times in three blocks, was laid in a Complete Randomized Block Design.Data on banana growth parameters and susceptibility to black sigatoka were collected in the 3 rd and 4 th crop cycles.Both the indigenous and exotic banana clones exhibited high growth and yield potentials in the semi-arid conditions of the south-western agroecological zone of Uganda.Kabucuragye and Williams had significantly (p < 0.05) taller and shorter pseudostems compared to other banana clones, respectively.FHIA 17 and FHIA 23, exhibited the largest pseudostem girths of 84.97 cm and 75.4 cm, respectively.Also, the highest number of leaves was observed with the same banana clones: FHIA 17 (12.8)and FHIA 23 (12.6), indicating that they had the highest growth vigor.Mporogoma exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) more fingers on hands, in turn leading to significantly higher bunch weights compared to other indigenous banana clones.Nonetheless, FHIA 17 and FHIA 23, had significant superior bunch weights.Exotic and Mporogoma indigenous clones were most susceptible to black sigatoka among all the banana clones.

Climate zones

10.4236/oalib.1105809

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Citations (2)

Adaptation potential of improved mango varieties in the dry lands of south western Uganda.

D. Nabasumba Peace Kankwatsa Joseph Okello Robert Muzira Julius Muhumuza

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Improved Upland Rice: Adaptability, Agronomic and Farmer Acceptability Assessment under Semi-Arid Conditions of South Western Uganda

OALib (2019)

Peace Kankwatsa Robert Muzira Hellen Mutenyo Jimmy Lamo

Enhancing the ability of plants to tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses is the current strategy for increasing agricultural productivity worldwide.Improved upland rice varieties characterized by early maturity, high disease resistance, high drought tolerance, high yielding potential, high grain quality and marketability are required by farmers to increase upland rice production to meet the increasing food and income demands.Improved and local upland rice varieties were evaluated across two seasons with and without fertilizer application.Insufficient soil water availability, low soil fertility and the blast disease were the major stresses that affected upland rice in the Rubirizi and Mitooma experimental sites in the South Western Agro Ecological Zone of Uganda.Integration of improved rice variety and soil fertility amendment with fertilizer plus proper crop management cultural practices resulted in high agronomic performance.Varieties NamChe 4, NamChe 5 and E22 showed superior performance over the other varieties in the field, and had significantly high probability (P ≤ 0.15) of being accepted by farmers.The early maturing NERICA 10, late maturing NERICA 6, SUPERICA 1 and Local Var., had high probabilities of being rejected because of low yielding, late maturity, drought intolerance, small panicle size, poor grain filling and high susceptibility to rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea.Therefore, improved varieties have great potential of increasing rice production in SWAEZ-Uganda, if farmers adopt the multi-technology integration approach.

Adaptability

Upland rice

10.4236/oalib.1105660

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Citations (7)

Knowledge and Perceptions on Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Control 10 Years after the Epidemics in the South Western Agro-Ecological Zone, Uganda

OALib (2024)

Peace Kankwatsa Maggiore Kyomugisha Robert Muzira Hellen Mutenyo Proscovia Renzaho Ntakyo

The East African highland cooking banana (Musa spp.) is a major food security and non-traditional income generation crop in rural and urban areas of the South Western Agro-Ecological Zone (SWAEZ) of Uganda.Being a perennial crop, the vulnerability of banana to the evolving abiotic and biotic stresses is increasing in this major production region.During the late 2000s, the SWAEZ experienced wide-spread and severe banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) disease epidemics, which caused 70% -100% crop and/or yield losses.Through various partnerships, the government of Uganda applied the integrated approaches to provide the needed technical, policy, legal and financial support to rapidly eradicate the disease, strengthen the farmers' capacities to prevent further plant infections and spread of the "Xanthomonas vasicola pv., musacearum (XVM)" pathogen.Research has shown that the comprehensive and collective action, which focused on rapidly eliminating BXW, reduced the disease prevalence to <5%, but ten years after the eradication campaign, BXW is persistent in SWAEZ.A study carried out in five districts to assess farmers' knowledge and perception about the BXW control 10 years after the epidemics, found that the disease incidences continue to gradually rise, as efforts to control it continue to decline, which makes the zone prone to another serious epidemic if strong measures are not enforced.Given the knowledge and skills previously imparted to farmers, banana productivity and production for food and income generation have been gradually increasing; livelihoods that are highly dependent on banana have improved and crop production has been

Bacterial wilt

Xanthomonas

10.4236/oalib.1110617

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Citations (1)

Genetic Variability among Presumed Clonal Pathotypes of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Australia

Journal of Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology (2018)

Peace Kankwatsa Haydar Karaoglu Davinder Singh

Evolution of aggressiveness Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes with high virulence against important resistance genes constitutes a major threat to the global wheat production, and consequently food security. Changes in pathogenicity and environmental adaptation of these fungi have resulted in serious epidemics and total crop loss. In order to develop appropriate rust control measures, there is a need to understand the current pathogen-environment interactions; mechanisms of pathotype evolution, and pathogenic dynamics against the existing resistance genes. This research examined the genetic variability among 157 Australian Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici isolates collected over 39 years. The isolates represented two putative clonal lineages derived from founding pathotypes 326-1,2,3,5,6 (Lineage 3) and 194-1,2,3,5,6 (Lineage 4). Pathogenicity assessments found general consistency with previous determinations, indicating that pathotypes in Lineage 3 and Lineage 4 generally displayed similar avirulence and virulence patterns. Cluster analysis of 111 isolates based on phenotypic data collected into one group comprising multiple subgroups. The level of variation in pathogenicity observed among the subgroups of the 99 derivatives of 326-1,2,3,5,6 and 194- 1,2,3,5,6 resulted from the pathotypes with uncommon or additional virulence. Six SSR markers showed 100% genetic similarity among Lineages 2, 3 and 4, and their distinctiveness from Lineage 1, consistent with independent origins. Seven highly polymorphic SSRs or microsatellites revealed 34 genotypes among 142 isolates with low genetic variation F-statistics (FST = 0.042) indicating high genetic similarity confirming their clonality arising via mutation. However, the existing pathotype genetic variations originate from the different forms and rates of mutation which vary per locus.

Puccinia

10.4172/2329-9002.1000202

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Citations (3)

Empowering communities through participatory monitoring and evaluation in Tororo district

African Crop Science Conference Proceedings (2005)

Pamela N. Pali Grace Nalukwago Susan Kaaria Pascal C. Sanginga Peace Kankwatsa

The Community Based Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (CB-PME) tool empowers poor local farming communities to improve their livelihoods. While this process is people centred, it draws on local people’s capacities, while giving the end users of a technology a voice. The experience of the Katamata farmers’ group in Tororo district using PM&E is given in this paper. This group have embarked on a commercial groundnut production enterprise to improve their livelihoods. They decided to monitor one and three year-prioritized objectives for this enterprise. The three year objectives were based on the improvement of the farmers’ livelihoods and included having food security, with a marketed surplus, creating an awareness of HIV/AIDS, and individual commercial production, while the one year objectives dealt with the improvement in agricultural production. Some short term objectives have been achieved. The farmers have selected the best variety for commercial groundnut production. They have since reflected on these objectives and indicators with the monitoring and evaluation committee from their group whose main function is to collect , synthesize, store and report information to the group, community and visitors. This participatory process has empowered farmers to make production and marketing decisions on their enterprises and social lives with the ultimate goal of improving their livelihoods.

Monitoring and evaluation

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Citations (2)