Chinese public cultural undertakings are increasingly developing and the input level is gradually improving.In such context, more and more studies began to focus on how to evaluate public cultural service organizations such as public library.The aim of this paper is to analysis papers on library efficiency in library and information science since 1982.The concept of library input-output efficiency is extracted from the overall framework of library performance.Library efficiency is different from the high level concept of "library performance" and the same level concept of "library effectiveness" respectively.Furthermore, this paper discusses the characteristics of library efficiency evaluation, efficiency measurement of DEA, criteria for selecting efficiency indicators and influencing factors.
To investigate the expression and clinical significance of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) on placenta tissue from pre-eclampsia.The expression of PDGF-A in the placenta of 38 pre-eclampsia patients and 22 normal pregnant women at third trimester was detected by immunohistochemistry method.(1) PDGF-A was mainly expressed in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts and the endothelial cell of capillary in placenta. (2) The rates of PDGF-A expression of cytotrophoblasts were 63% (24/38) in pre-eclampsia group and 32% (7/22) in normal pregnancy group, which exhibited significant difference (P < 0.05). (3) The rates of PDGF-A expression of endothelial cell were 68% (26/38) in pre-eclampsia group and 27% (6/22) in normal pregnancy group, which also showed significant difference (P < 0.01). (4) The rates of PDGF-A expression of cytotrophoblasts were 39% (7/18) in mild pre-eclampsia patients and 85% (17/20) in severe pre-eclampsia, which reached statistical difference (P < 0.01).The increasing expression of PDGF-A in cytotrophoblast and endothelial cell in placenta might confer the occurrence and progression of pre-eclampsia.
Objective To observe the effect of mifepristone on ultrastructure of fetal kidney in the second trimester pregnancy. Methods Twenty five normal pregnant women whose pregnancy ranged from 16-28 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group(n=10) and test group( n=15 ).The women in control group were given waterbag to induce labor alone. Test group was divided into 2 groups (test group Ⅰ:n=10, gestation of 16-22 weeks; test group Ⅱ:n=5, gestation of 23-28 weeks). Test group took mifepristone 100 mg orally per day for 3 d, then were given waterbag to induce labor. After delivery of fetus, fetal kidney was separated immediately for observation by transmission electron microscopy.Results In test group Ⅰ, Glomerulus′s cell was swelling and cavitation. Mesangial cell nuclei showed irregular shape and mitochondria swelled, stroma was normal. The thick endothelial cytoplasm, imperforation, thin basal membrane and podocyte matrix cavitation, villus-like podocyte, secondary enation,proximal convoluted tubule nuclei cavitation were found in filtration membrane, intracytoplasm was vacuoles and had lysosomes. Some nuclei and kytoplasm had cavitation in distal convoluted tubule. In test group Ⅱ, Glomerulus′s cell cavitation was seen. Hyperplasia look like arch local. Little mesangial cell nuclei showed irregular shape or light pycnosis. Mitochondrion in cytoplasm was mild swelling, crest fragmentated partly. The cytoplasm showed mild swelling, podocytes were normal, primary and secondary enation, local fusion and mild villus were found in filtration membrane ,proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule were normal. Conclusion Mifepristone could take ischemia hypoxia changes in the ultrastructure of fetal kidney in the second trimester pregnancy. The earlier the stage of the fetus is, the more obvious the ultrastructural changes are.
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