Sustainable construction materials for resource efficiency and environmental effect have grown in popularity .Coconut shells, a waste product of the coconut industry, are plentiful in tropical climates. They are lightweight and permeable, making them an attractive alternative to coarse aggregates. Coconut shells can reduce trash disposal and gravel and sand use by adding them to concrete mixtures. Coconut shell aggregates improve concrete’s mechanical strength and durability, although at a lesser rate than conventional aggregates. Coconut shell replacement depends on particle size, surface properties, and curing conditions. Coconut shells with concrete improve thermal insulation, density, and acoustics. In this investigation compressive and flexural strengths of Grade M20 has been studied by replacing natural coarse aggregates with coconut shells at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight at curing intervals of 7,14 and 28 days. Cubes and beams were casted and then tested and the tests revealed that coconut shells can be used upto 10% in replacement of natural aggregates imparting a strength almost equivalent to conventional concrete.
In modern developing countries there is need of high rise multi storey buildings to satisfy the needs of the newly arriving organization as well as the population migrating to the developing areas for employability. The high rise structures are vulnerable to lateral forces such as earthquake forces, wind forces, forces due explosions like atomic bombs, gas cylinders etc. considering the previous accidents among the above mentioned forces major percentage of damage is caused by earthquake forces, to ensure the safety, and comfort of the residents, the structure should be able to withstand against these forces without severe damage, without collapsing or should give prior time to evacuate the building so that the damage caused by the hazard can be prevented or reduced, In order to design the buildings that can withstand these hazards there a need to study the behaviour of the structure due to the earthquake forces. To gain proper understanding over the earthquake loads the considered structure is analyzed with respect to the seismic zones as per the Indian Standard in different types of soils (hard, medium, soft soils)
Water is an important nature gift for the human life hence study of drinking water quality is essential requirement in the residential area. In this paper study area has latitudes and longitudes of Bachupally 17.5151N and 78.3855E, Nizampet17.5513N and 78.3855E, Pragathinagar 17.5186N and78 3963E it is integral part of the Hyderabad situated in the Telangana state , India . Study area contain mixed type of habitants such as agricultural developing formers, pharma- industries employs and general living official and business people. Since the land occupied by the several type peoples activities there are many problems with ground water resources and surface water contamination. Its require to test the water quality(WQ) In the study area to know the more extent of quality problems. WQ test has conducted for the Alkalinity, PH, hardness of water, and turbidity etc. water quality helps , The local authorities to solve the certain problems in the region and adopt the certain methods to solve the problems. Samples are collected from the Various places from the Nizampet , Bachupallly and Pragathinagar regions. Around 27 number of ground water samples (GWS) are collected and all of them selected for the analysis. Experiments are conducted for the each sample and obtain the result. It is compared with the standard values.The result obtained from the various ranges of chlorides, nitrates, total dissolved solids,, conductivity values , pH For the different areas of study region are clearly mentioned in the result discussion session. The water quality for the Various places from the Nizampet , Bachuplly and Pragathinagar clearly discussed in the results. finally remedial measures to be adopted for the improvement of the quality of water.
Performance based analysis is conducted on a structure to know the performance of building under severe earthquake loads with limited and well-distributed damage. To do this analysis a non-linear static analysis called pushover analysis had conducted on the structure. In this paper, an RC building with both 5 storey and 10 storey is designed for both gravity loads and earthquake resistant loads using SAP2000 software. Analysis is done in both X and Y direction to get a damage curve (pushover curve). By studying the damage curve, the results that obtained are earthquake resistant designed building had more strength when compared to gravity load designed building and it is better to consider earthquake in building design , because gravity loads alone cannot give the adequate results.
This paper aim’s to ensure that the transmitted stresses due to wheel load are adequately reduced, so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the sub- grade. This present study deals with the design thickness of flexible pavements, where majority of the Indian roads are flexible pavements having bituminous layer. Earlier, due to the scarcity of cement and India went for flexible pavements with bituminous toppings. This flexible pavement is preferred over cement concrete roads as they have a great advantage that these can be strengthened and improved in stages with the growth of traffic. With a major advantage of this roads and their surfaces milled and recycled for rehabilitation. The flexible pavements are less expensive also about initial investment and maintenance. In this present study, the flexible pavement thickness is designed for both sub grade soils as per IRC:37-2001 code and its pavement thickness is calculated by California Bearing Ratio (CBR)method.
In the present Outcome Based Education in Engineering, higher order skills in psychomotor domain are required as per Dave’s Taxonomy,Simpson’s Taxonomy and Anita Harrow’s Taxonomy.Not only computational skills are required but also experimental skills to develop the engineering skills life long. According to Walter J. Rawls et.al(1993), infiltration and soil water movement play a key role in surface runoff, groundwater recharge,evapotranspiration, soil erosion and transport of chemicals in surface and subsurface waters.The ASTM International Standard D 3385- 03 describes the “ Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rates of Soils in field using Double Ring Infiltrometer”. The present paper describes the methodology of development of Kostiakov Infiltration Equations from the field tests of Double Ring Infiltrometer,as part of various student projects of design and evaluation of irrigation methods. As properties of soil also influence the infiltration rate, soil properties are also determined. In one test, the Kostiakov infiltration equation fitted is in the form y=0.44t0.65. The basic infiltration rate is 44 millimeters/hour. Other methods of infiltration equations are briefly mentioned.\
Most high-rise structures today are designed with floating columns for aesthetic purposes and the need for efficient use of space. Lattice columns are vertical load-bearing elements that do not extend the entire height of the building, they are usually located on one or more intermediate floors and support beams. These design innovations have benefits such as increased architecture and space allocation. Loads include load and side load. Heavy loads, including dead loads and live loads, are evaluated to determine the overall load distribution. Lateral loads resulting from earthquakes and wind forces are calculated based on local building codes. In seismic design, multistorey buildings with floating columns are analysed at different levels on curved planes to determine safe floating column locations. Structures can be analysed with symmetric information and dynamic analysis methods such as response spectrum or potential time. Preliminary analysis and equivalent static analysis using ETABS 2022. A 3D structural model was created to accurately represent the geometry of the building and its behavior under different load combinations was used to compare the building's response to seismic forces. The result is the behavior of the structure: shear strength, bending moment, deflection, and displacement. The results are obtained in the form of tables and graphs. The structures were built with M30 concrete and various types of steel. Reinforcement spacing and detailing is done in CSI Detail.
Abstract The most widely used composite construction material is concrete. Compressive strength is an important monitoring parameter for quality assurance at construction site. In this paper,two different models of Multiple Linear Regression ( MLR) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are developed to predict the 28 day compressive strength of concrete using the experimental datasets available . These two models are compared . Sensitivity Analysis (SA) is carried out for two different sets of parameters. ANFIS models predict more effectively as their coefficients of multiple determination(R Square) are higher than those of MLR models. This shows that the nonlinear correlation among input variables is better represented in ANFIS models than in MLR models .Goal 12 of United Nations Sustainable Development deals with the sustainable consumption and production patterns and it is taken into account as environmentally degrading materials( flyash and blast furnace slag ) are used.
Non-linear static analysis or pushover analysis is now-a –days generally preferred by many researchers to analyse the non-linear behaviour of the structure. Present study includes the effect of joint rigidity on the behaviour of the structure. A building is modeled with 5 and 10 story and designed for gravity and earthquake resistant loads by considering joint rigidity factor as 0 and 1. The analysis is done in both X and Y directions by using pushover analysis in SAP2000 software. Comparison is made between then capacity curves obtained from designed models of rigidity and non-rigidity models. From the results it is concluded that structure designed using joint rigidity has more strength when compared non-rigid joints.
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