P. V. Varadarajan

Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology

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N. Vigneshwaran

SRM Institute of Science and Technology

R. H. Balasubramanya

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

A A Kathe

Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology

Nayana D. Nachane

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

A. J. Shaikh

Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology

H. T. Lokhande

University of Mumbai

R R Mahangade

Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology

R. P. Nachane

Dr. BMN College of Home Science

Virendra Prasad

Banaras Hindu University

K. H. Sawakhande

Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology

Cooperative Institutions

Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

University of Mumbai

Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

Shivaji University

Institute of Chemical Technology

University of Minnesota

Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

University of Massachusetts Amherst

Central Drug Research Institute

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Water‐superabsorbent polymers through gamma radiation‐induced graft‐copolymerization of acrylonitrile on guargum

Journal of Applied Polymer Science (1992)

H. T. Lokhande P. V. Varadarajan V. Jagannathan Iyer

Abstract Superabsorbent polymers based on guargum have been prepared through a graft‐copolymerization reaction using acrylonitrile as the monomer by a gamma ray‐induced irradiation technique. Various grafting parameters have been studied. The grafted products have been characterized using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis. The thermograms reveal the superior thermal stability of the grafted product over the control at all stages of its degradative cycle. The maximum absorbency obtained of the superabsorbent product was around 300 g/g.

Superabsorbent polymer

Thermogravimetric analysis

Thermal Stability

10.1002/app.1992.070451117

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Citations (54)

Gamma‐radiation induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto guar gum: Influence of reaction conditions on the properties of the grafted and saponified products

Journal of Applied Polymer Science (1993)

H. T. Lokhande P. V. Varadarajan Nayana D. Nachane

Abstract In the gamma‐radiation induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto guar gum, the influence of different concentration of the monomer acrylonitrile on the PAN add‐on, the number average molecular weight of the PAN side chains, and the grafting frequency of the PAN side chains are reported. At 0.3 Mard dosage, the PAN add‐on were 32.4, 48.5, and 66.2% and the number average molecular weight of the PAN side chains were 59,700, 132,200, and 238,900, respectively, at three different reaction conditions. The frequency of grafting also showed considerable variation at 0.2 Mrad dosage, for all three sets of samples. The viscosity of the aqueous dispersions of the saponified samples at different concentrations are also reported. The water absorbency of the saponified samples were evaluated and the values were around 250 g/g. The fall in viscosity of the aqueous dispersions on storage were also evaluated. The observed fall in viscosity was lower in the case of the product with higher PAN content. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Saponification

Guar gum

10.1002/app.1993.070480313

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Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using zinc oxide–soluble starch nanocomposites

Nanotechnology (2006)

N. Vigneshwaran Sampath Kumar A A Kathe P. V. Varadarajan Virendra Prasad

Zinc oxide–soluble starch nanocomposites (nano-ZnO) synthesized using water as a solvent and soluble starch as a stabilizer is impregnated onto cotton fabrics to impart antibacterial and UV-protection functions. Nano-ZnO synthesized by reacting zinc nitrate with sodium hydroxide in the presence of soluble starch absorbed strongly at 361 nm due to the quantum confinement effect. The average size of ZnO nanoparticles is estimated to be 38 ± 3 nm using a transmission electron microscope (TEM); this was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis and the effective mass approximation method. The starch content in synthesized nano-ZnO was estimated to be 37.57% using thermo-gravimetric analysis. The nano-ZnO impregnated cotton fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity against two representative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram negative). Also, nano-ZnO impregnation enhanced the protection of cotton fabrics against UV radiation in comparison with the untreated cotton fabrics.

Zinc nitrate

Sodium hydroxide

Zinc hydroxide

10.1088/0957-4484/17/20/008

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Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics Using Silver Nanoparticles

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2007)

N. Vigneshwaran A A Kathe P. V. Varadarajan R. P. Nachane R. H. Balasubramanya

We have reported a novel in situ synthesis protocol for silver nanoparticles onto cotton fabrics. Here, cotton fabric immersed in silver nitrate solution is autoclaved at 15 psi, 121 degrees C for 15 min. At this temperature and pressure, the aldehyde terminal of starch (residual size material on cotton fabric) reduced the silver nitrate to silver metal and simultaneously stabilized the nanoparticles on fabric itself. The UV-visible absorption spectrum of both cotton fabrics and bath solution showed a typical absorption peak at 420 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. With the help of transmission electron micrographs, the average size of the dislodged silver nanoparticles in water is calculated to be 20.9 +/- 13.7 nm. This silver nanoparticles impregnated cotton fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and bacteriostasis activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Also, silver nanoparticles impregnated fabrics expressed significant UV-protection capability in comparison with the untreated fabrics.

Silver nanoparticle

Silver nitrate

10.1166/jnn.2007.737

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Biomimetics of silver nanoparticles by white rot fungus, Phaenerochaete chrysosporium

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces (2006)

N. Vigneshwaran A A Kathe P. V. Varadarajan Rajan P. Nachane R. H. Balasubramanya

Silver nanoparticle

Silver nitrate

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.07.014

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