Daniel Epron

Kyoto University

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Yann Nouvellon

Ecologie fonctionnelle & biogéochimie des sols & des agro-systèmes

Caroline Plain

AgroParisTech

Masako Dannoura

Kyoto University

Erwin Dreyer

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Jean‐Paul Laclau

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

Jean‐Pierre Bouillet

Ecologie fonctionnelle & biogéochimie des sols & des agro-systèmes

Jérôme Ngao

Université Clermont Auvergne

Laurent Saint‐André

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Valérie Le Dantec

Centre d'Études Spatiales de la Biosphère

Dominique Gérant

Université de Lorraine

Cooperative Institutions

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

137

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

128

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique

Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières

Université de Lorraine

Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement

AgroParisTech

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Université de Montpellier

Institut Agro Montpellier

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Does spatial distribution of tree size account for spatial variation in soil respiration in a tropical forest?

Plant and Soil (2011)

Laëtitia Bréchet Stéphane Ponton Tancrède Alméras Damien Bonal Daniel Epron

Plant litter

Litter

Soil respiration

Tropical forest

10.1007/s11104-011-0848-1

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Citations (37)

The carbon balance of a young Beech forest

Functional Ecology (2000)

A. Granier Éric Ceschia Claire Damesin Éric Dufrêne Daniel Epron

Abstract 1. We present measurements of CO 2 fluxes over 2 years above and within a young Beech stand in the east of France. This site is part of the Euroflux network set up to monitor fluxes over representative European forests. 2. The net ecosystem carbon (C) exchange was derived from continuous eddy flux measurements. Major components of the total flux (i.e. soil and above‐ground biomass respiration and assimilation of leafy branches) were measured independently using chambers. The main C stocks (i.e. root, stem and branch biomass) were also quantified. 3. Daily minima of CO 2 flux were typically around −20 µmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 during the period of full leaf expansion, while night‐time ecosystem respiration varied between 5 and 15 µmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 . The seasonal pattern of net ecosystem assimilation was very close to that of net assimilation at the single branch scale. The seasonal variation of net ecosystem exchange was closely related to leaf expansion and soil water content during the dry year of 1996. 4. Measurements of ecosystem respiration (eddy flux) were corrected for CO 2 storage within the stand. This C flux showed a seasonal pattern, the maximum rates (4–7 g C m −2 day −1 ) occurring in spring and summer, and appeared to be correlated with soil temperature. Temporal variation of soil respiration showed the same pattern, and effects of both temperature and soil drying were found. Annual soil respiration was ≈ 70% of ecosystem respiration. Root respiration was 60% of the total below‐ground respiration. 5. Annual net C exchange was −218 and −257 g C m −2 in 1996 and 1997, respectively, corresponding to net C uptake by the forest. These values are much lower than the annual biomass increment (stems and large roots) of the stand: 427 and 471 g C m −2 year −1 , respectively. The difference may be explained by a release of CO 2 from the decomposition of woody debris. 6. Ecosystem C loss by respiration was 800–1000 g C m −2 year −1 . Gross C gain was 1000–1300 g C m −2 year −1 . Ecosystem respiration therefore played a major role in the annual C balance of this forest.

Ecosystem respiration

Soil respiration

Seasonality

Q10

10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00434.x

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Citations (304)

Estimation of phloem carbon translocation belowground at stand level in a hinoki cypress stand

Tree Physiology (2018)

Daniel Epron Masako Dannoura Atsushi Ishida Yoshiko Kosugi

At stand level, carbon translocation in tree stems has to match canopy photosynthesis and carbohydrate requirements to sustain growth and the physiological activities of belowground sinks. This study applied the Hagen-Poiseuille equation to the pressure-flow hypothesis to estimate phloem carbon translocation and evaluate what percentage of canopy photosynthate can be transported belowground in a hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc.) stand. An anatomical study revealed that, in contrast to sieve cell density, conductive phloem thickness and sieve cell hydraulic diameter at 1.3 m in height increased with increasing tree diameter, as did the concentration of soluble sugars in the phloem sap. At tree level, hydraulic conductivity increased by two orders of magnitude from the smallest to the largest trees in the stand, resulting in a stand-level hydraulic conductance of 1.7 × 10-15 m Pa-1 s-1. The osmotic potential of the sap extracted from the inner bark was -0.75 MPa. Assuming that phloem water potential equalled foliage water potential at predawn, the turgor pressure in the phloem at 1.3 m in height was estimated at 0.22 MPa, 0.59 MPa lower than values estimated in the foliage. With this maximal turgor pressure gradient, which would be lower during day-time when foliage water potential drops, the estimated stand-level rate of carbon translocation was 2.0 gC m-2 day-1 (30% of daily gross canopy photosynthesis), at a time of the year when aboveground growth and related respiration is thought to consume a large fraction of photosynthate, at the expense of belowground activity. Despite relying on some assumptions and approximations, this approach, when coupled with measurements of canopy photosynthesis, may further be used to provide qualitative insight into the seasonal dynamics of belowground carbon allocation.

Cypress

10.1093/treephys/tpy016

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Citations (9)

Carbon isotopic signature of CO2 emitted by plant compartments and soil in two temperate deciduous forests

Annals of Forest Science (2012)

Florence Maunoury‐Danger Nicolas Chemidlin Prévost‐Bouré Jérôme Ngao Daniel Berveiller Claude Bréchet

Temperate deciduous forest

Temperate rainforest

Temperate forest

Terrestrial ecosystem

Soil carbon

Isotopic signature

10.1007/s13595-012-0249-5

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Citations (6)

Separating autotrophic and heterotrophic components of soil respiration: lessons learned from trenching and related root-exclusion experiments

Cambridge University Press eBooks (2010)

Daniel Epron

Soil respiration (RS, Fig. 8.1) is the sum of an autotrophic component (RA) produced by roots and the associated rhizosphere (mycorrhizae and rhizosphere bacteria) and a heterotrophic component (RH) originating from soil micro-organisms that decompose the organic materials from both above-ground and below-ground litter (Bowden et al., 1993; Boone et al., 1998; Epron et al., 1999). Autotrophic respiration involves root carbohydrates and root exudates that have very low residence time in soil, while the heterotrophic component involves carbon compounds with a longer residence time, ranging from months to years for fresh litter and from years to centuries for old soil organic matter. All components are thought to be differently influenced by climatic conditions and site characteristics (Boone et al., 1998; Epron et al., 2001; Lavigne et al., 2004; Dilustro et al., 2005) and are thought to respond differently to elevated atmospheric CO2 or soil warming (Rustad et al., 2001; King et al., 2004; Pendall et al., 2004; Soe et al., 2004; Eliasson et al., 2005). Thus, separate estimations of these components are required for analyzing and modelling soil respiration and its response to climate or perturbation, for providing a better knowledge of carbon budgets of ecosystems and for improving carbon sequestration in soil (Hanson et al., 2000; Ryan and Law, 2005; Subke et al., 2006).

Autotroph

Soil respiration

Soil carbon

Plant litter

Litter

10.1017/cbo9780511711794.009

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Citations (36)

Impact of vegetation on the methane budget of a temperate forest

New Phytologist (2018)

Caroline Plain Fatou-Kiné Ndiaye Pascal Bonnaud Jacques Ranger Daniel Epron

Summary Upland forest soils are known to be the main biological sink for methane, but studies have shown that net methane uptake of a forest ecosystem can be reduced when methane emissions by vegetation are considered. We estimated the methane budget of a young oak plantation by considering tree stems but also the understorey vegetation. Automated chambers connected to a laser‐based gas analyser, on tree stems, bare soil and soil covered with understorey vegetation, recorded CH 4 fluxes for 7 months at 3 h intervals. Tree stem emissions were low and equated to only 0.1% of the soil sink. Conversely, the presence of understorey vegetation increased soil methane uptake. This plant‐driven enhancement of CH 4 uptake occurred when the soil was consuming methane. At the stand level, the methane budget shifted from −1.4 ± 0.4 kg C ha −1 when we upscaled data obtained only on bare soil, to −2.9 ± 0.6 kg C ha −1 when we considered soil area that was covered with understorey vegetation. These results indicate that aerenchymatous plant species, which are known to reduce the methane sink in wetlands, actually increase soil methane uptake two‐fold in an upland forest by enhancing methane and oxygen transport and/or by promoting growth of methanotrophic populations.

Sink (geography)

Understory

Atmospheric methane

Temperate forest

10.1111/nph.15452

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Citations (33)

Productivity overshadows temperature in determining soil and ecosystem respiration across European forests

Global Change Biology (2001)

Ivan A. Janssens Harry Lankreijer Gioṙgio Matteucci Andrew S. Kowalski Nina Buchmann

Summary This paper presents CO 2 flux data from 18 forest ecosystems, studied in the European Union funded EUROFLUX project. Overall, mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP, the total amount of carbon (C) fixed during photosynthesis) of these forests was 1380 ± 330 gC m −2 y −1 (mean ±SD). On average, 80% of GPP was respired by autotrophs and heterotrophs and released back into the atmosphere (total ecosystem respiration, TER = 1100 ± 260 gC m −2 y −1 ). Mean annual soil respiration (SR) was 760 ± 340 gC m −2 y −1 (55% of GPP and 69% of TER). Among the investigated forests, large differences were observed in annual SR and TER that were not correlated with mean annual temperature. However, a significant correlation was observed between annual SR and TER and GPP among the relatively undisturbed forests. On the assumption that (i) root respiration is constrained by the allocation of photosynthates to the roots, which is coupled to productivity, and that (ii) the largest fraction of heterotrophic soil respiration originates from decomposition of young organic matter (leaves, fine roots), whose availability also depends on primary productivity, it is hypothesized that differences in SR among forests are likely to depend more on productivity than on temperature. At sites where soil disturbance has occurred (e.g. ploughing, drainage), soil espiration was a larger component of the ecosystem C budget and deviated from the relationship between annual SR (and TER) and GPP observed among the less‐disturbed forests. At one particular forest, carbon losses from the soil were so large, that in some years the site became a net source of carbon to the atmosphere. Excluding the disturbed sites from the present analysis reduced mean SR to 660 ± 290 gC m −2 y −1 , representing 49% of GPP and 63% of TER in the relatively undisturbed forest ecosystems.

Soil respiration

Ecosystem respiration

Soil carbon

Autotroph

10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00412.x

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Citations (1,017)

A long-term study of natural regeneration in mixed broadleaved stand: the influence of canopy structure on seedling development

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2005)

Alexandre Piboule Catherine Collet Daniel Epron Alain Franc Jean-Marc J.-M. Guehl

Natural regeneration

Source

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Effects of sodium chloride salinity on root growth and respiration in oak seedlings

Annales des Sciences Forestières (1999)

Daniel Epron Marie‐Laure Toussaint Pierre‐Marie Badot

Root and shoot biomass of oak seedlings were reduced after 9 days of watering with a nutrient solution containing either 50 or 250 mM NaCl.Both moderate and high salinity treatment strongly altered root elongation.In contrast, specific respiration of roots was unaffected by the moderate salinity treatment while it was reduced by 62 % after 9 days of watering with a nutrient solution containing 250 mM NaCl.Na + content strongly increased in all plant tissues with increasing NaCl concentration in the nutrient solu- tion.Na + contents in leaves and in twigs were lower than in roots at 50 mM NaCl in the nutrient solution while they were similar at 250 mM.Prevention of Na + translocation in shoot in moderately stressed oak probably requires extra energy, which may be provided by an increase in maintenance respiration.At higher salinity (250 mM), root respiration was strongly inhibited, which might explain the inability of severely stressed oak seedling to prevent Na + translocation to the shoot.An increase in the respiratory cost for main- tenance, for active ion transport and/or for growth processes in oak root encountering sodium chloride salinity is therefore consistent with the occurrence of a high rate of root respiration while growth rate was reduced. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)growth / oak / respiration / root / salinity Résumé -Effets de la salinité (NaCl) sur la croissance et la respiration des racines de semis de chêne.La biomasse racinaire et aérienne de semis de chêne est réduite après 9 j d'arrosage avec une solution nutritive contenant 50 ou 250 mM de NaCl.Les traite- ments salins modérés et élevés altèrent fortement l'élongation des racines.Au contraire, la respiration spécifique des racines reste inchangée pour le traitement salin modéré, alors qu'elle est réduite de 62 % après 9 j d'arrosage avec une solution nutritive contenant 250 mM de NaCl.Le contenu en Na + augmente dans tous les tissus lorsque la concentration en NaCl augmente dans la solution nutri- tive.Les contenus des feuilles et des tiges en Na + sont plus faible que celui des racines à 50 mM de NaCl alors qu'ils sont similaires à 250 mM.Cette faible translocation du sodium dans les parties aériennes des chênes modérément stressés a probablement un coût énergétique compensé par une augmentation de la respiration de maintenance.Pour une salinité plus forte (250 mM), la respiration racinaire est fortement inhibée.Ceci explique peut-être l'incapacité des chênes fortement stressés à s'opposer à une translocation de Na + dans les parties aériennes.Une augmentation du coût respiratoire des processus d'entretien, des transports ioniques actifs et/ou du métabolisme associé à la croissance, est donc susceptible d'expliquer le maintien d'une intensité respiratoire racinaire inchangée alors que la croissance des racines est inhibée.(© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.

10.1051/forest:19990106

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Citations (42)

Changes in N and C concentrations, soil acidity and P availability in tropical mixed acacia and eucalypt plantations on a nutrient-poor sandy soil

Plant and Soil (2014)

Lydie‐Stella Koutika Daniel Epron Jean‐Pierre Bouillet Louis Mareschal

Acacia mangium

Plant litter

10.1007/s11104-014-2047-3

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Citations (100)