Background: It seems that there may be a relation between opium addiction and bladder cancer. This study has been performed to find this relationship in Kerman province. Methods: We evaluated opium addiction in 150 patients with bladder cancer (study group) and150 tumor-free patients (control group) and compared them by two-tailed t-test and X 2 test. Results: The rate, duration, amounts and methods of opium abusing in the study group were significantly higher than control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the carcinogenic effects of opium addiction may be related to the amount, duration and the method of opium abuse.
This clinical study, carried out from 1996 to 1999, was aimed at assessing the effect of varicoceletomy on the spermogram of patients with subclinical varicocele. A total of 142 patients (Mean age 28.1±4.3) with varicocele (63 with subclinical) took part in the study. All individuals were informed and were satisfied to get involve in the study. Two spermograms were recorded one at the beginning and the second one two weeks later in both study patients and control groups. Three to six months after varicoceletomy (High ligation of the internal spermatic vein) two other spermogram with the interval of two weeks were performed on all individuals. The spermogram’s results before and after operation were compared among the individuals of each group. While the results of spermogram of the patients with subclinical varicocele did not showed a significant change after operation, the spermogram of those with clinical varicocele improved significantly after operation. On the other hand bilateral and right varicocele in the patients with subclinical symptom was more prevalent than the other group. Secondary infertility in the patients with subclinical varicocele compare to the other group was much higher. As a result, operation on the patients with subclinical varicocele did not show a significant change compare to the patients who suffered from clinical varicocele (Result of spermogram before and after operation). This study guides us to select other methods of treatment rather than surgical operation in subclinical varicocele patients. So we recommend checking other infertility causative factors such as hormonal abnormality, internal urogenital abnormality, and immunological disorders before deciding to perform varicoceletomy in this group.
Keywords: Varicocele, Subclinical varicocele, Spermogram
Background: Cryptozoospermia (CO) is a situation in which spermatozoa cannot be observed in a fresh semen sample unless an extended centrifugation and microscopic search are performed. CO patients are suggested to use only intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as infertility treatment. But still there is debate about the choice of sperm source in cryptozoospermic men candidate for ICSI. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate fertility outcomes in men with idiopathic cryptozoospermia who were treated using ICSI with freshly ejaculated sperm and testis sperm extraction (TESE) or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA). Methods: In this prospective cohort study carried out in an academic institution, 83 out of 92 couples with cryptozoospermia undergoing their first ICSI cycle were recruited. These patients were randomly allocated to two groups: group one (n = 42) who produced freshly ejaculated sperm and, group two (n = 41) who produced a sample by TESE or PESA. The groups were analyzed and compared in terms of fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate. Results: There was a significant difference in fertilization rate, embryo quality, implantation rate, and pregnancy rates between the group of surgically extracted sperm and those of naturally ejaculated sperm using conventional ICSI (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Sperm quality extracted by percutaneous PESA and TESE procedures increases fertility outcomes compared to naturally ejaculated sperm in men with idiopathic CO. More specifically, embryo quality, which is most relevant to fertility outcome, improved when surgically extracted sperm was used for ICSI.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on the semen quality of patients with clinical varicocele and their fertility outcomes. Methods: A total of 158 men, with the primary infertility and clinical varicocele were randomized into two groups. The study group underwent a subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy, and control group without operation. Then, each group was randomized to two sub groups; the first subgroups from them (sub group study 1 and sub group control 1) underwent acupuncture treatment twice a week for 2 months, the next subgroups (sub group study 2 and sub group control 2) underwent sham acupuncture. All subgroups were evaluated by performing spermogramms after 6 months and notifications were made by phone call for the results of their wives pregnancy. Results: The pre-treatment sperm parameters were statistically similar in all groups, however, post treatment results were significantly improved in varicocelectomized and acupuncture subgroups in comparison to control sub groups. The pregnancy rate after 24 months follow up in study subgroups were significantly better than control subgroups. Conclusions: According to our results, in this study acupuncture procedures in primary infertile clinical varicocele patients with semen abnormalities was effective, especially if combined by varicocelectomy.
Background: Circumcision is the most common surgical procedure throughout the world today and is usually performed in children for medical, cultural, or religious reasons. In most countries, nonsurgeons or traditional circumcisers perform this procedure, however, there is still a debate regarding the proper age of circumcision. Objectives: To determine the best and appropriate time for circumcision, we compared the late complications of this procedure between patients who are circumcised in different age groups. Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study that was performed on patients who were referred for late circumcision complications. The patients were divided according to the age range of circumcision as well as the performed age, which were divided into 4 groups (neonate, infant, child, and adolescent) by the author, during the period of May 2010 to December 2013 at an urology clinic. All late complications that were obtained were analyzed and compared between these groups. Results: Overall, 120 cases of patients were enrolled. The mean age of neonates, infants, children, and adolescent were 14 ± 2.5 days, 4 ± 1.5 months, 6 ± 0.5 years, and 14 ± 1.8 years, respectively. All of them have been circumcised by the classic method. The most common complication (15 patients) was meatal stenosis (12.5%) and was more prevalent in neonates 8 (29.62%). Conclusions: The ratio of late complications of circumcision is significantly higher in neonates and infants as compared to children as well as adolescents. The results of this study showed that for prevention of developing postoperative complications, the appropriate age of circumcision is to be a child as well as adolescent. For prevention of debilitating and prolonged complications, it should only be performed in medical institutions by suitably trained surgeons.
Introduction: Epidermoid cyst of the testis is a rare benign tumor. Controversies exist with regards to the management of these cysts. Whilst some surgeons have performed radical orchidectomy, others adopt a conservative approach.
Case report: We have reported a case of epidermoid cyst in the left testis in a six-year-old male who presented with a painless hard mass in the upper pole of the left testis with increased serum LDH and uncertain ultrasound features, which was treated by radical orchidectomy.
Conclusions: Our reported case did not have the classic epidermoid cyst imaging features and additionally had an elevated serum LDH level therefore we decided to perform an inguinal radical orchiectomy.
'%3e%3cg id='e'%3e%3cg id='c' fill='none' stroke='%23fff' stroke-width='2'%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M0 1h26M1 10V5h8v4h8V5h-5M4 9h2m20 0h-5V5h8m0-5v9h8V0m-4 0v9' transform='scale(1.4)'/%3e%3cpath id='a' d='M0 7h9m1 0h9' transform='scale(2.8)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='120'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' y='145.2'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='56'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='112'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' x='168'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' x='168'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23e' x='392'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg fill='%23da0000' transform='matrix(45 0 0 45 315 180)'%3e%3cg id='f'%3e%3cpath d='M-.548.836A.912.912 0 0 0 .329-.722 1 1 0 0 1-.548.836'/%3e%3cpath d='M.618.661A.764.764 0 0 0 .422-.74 1 1 0 0 1 .618.661M0 1l-.05-1L0-.787a.31.31 0 0 0 .118.099V-.1l-.04.993zM-.02-.85 0-.831a.144.144 0 0 0 .252-.137A.136.136 0 0 1 0-.925'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23f' transform='scale(-1 1)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)