The aim of the work is to establish physicochemical patterns of behavior of carbon, silicon, manganese when using the method of oxygen purge of high-carbon ferromanganese. Method. The process of blowing red metal to sour is neglected. With the fusion of fused acid, it is more important to oxidize silicon. Its presence in metal is practical in the block of oxidized manganese. Because oxygen is an assimilation gas, the mixing processes of the converter bath components and the reduction of manganese oxides at the metal-slag interface do not develop properly during purging. The smelters of the medium-carbonaceous ferromanganese in the converter are characterized by a stable chemical warehouse and even a higher number of vimogs for this type of alloy. The low concentration of silicon in metal over a number of swimming trunks can be easily shoved with a hat of pre-purge bathtub with sour at the final stage of refining. The behavior of phosphorus in these smelts is not controlled. The content of P2O5 in the final slag is 0.1%. To achieve acceptable concentrations of phosphorus in the metal, it is necessary to use starting materials with a low phosphorus content. Scientific novelty.Taking into consideration the high affinity of silicon for oxygen, the physical and chemical basis for the production of medium-carbon ferromanganese, as well as metallic manganese and low-carbon ferromanganese, is the process of the interaction of manganese oxides of a certain basicity slag melt with silicon dissolved in ferromanganese (manganese), that is, as combined reduction -refining process to produce manganese ferroalloys with a given silicon content standard
The object of research is the metallurgical technology of involving fine manganese concentrates formed during the extraction and enrichment of raw materials in the production of manganese agglomerate. The purpose of the work - based on the results of analysis of physicochemical processes in the sintering of manganese agglomerate and experimental research to develop innovative technological solutions and recommendations for sintering sintering technology with increased to 60% share in the charge Research methods - theoretical studies of concentrate agglomeration processes are based on the basic principles of physical chemistry and the theory of metallurgical processes. Calculations of thermodynamic equilibrium of oxide systems, adequate to agglomeration, are based on Gibbs theory and implemented using the computer program "FASTSage 6.0"; to determine the internal structure of manganese ore and manganese concentrates involved X-ray research methods - X-ray diffractometer DRON-2; used the method of mathematical statistics to process the results. The mineralogical microstructure of ore manganese concentrates and fine concentrate of manganese ore beneficiation has been established. The rational scheme of preliminary preparation of fine wastes of manganese ore beneficiation for use in metallurgical processes is determined; the rational amount of manganese ore beneficiation waste in the initial charge is established; the possibility of returning 50… 70% (against the usual 10… 15%) of fine (fraction 0-1 mm) manganese concentrate of the 2nd grade in the charge of manganese agglomerate production due to the use of reagent peat hydroxide (RTG) in the amount of 5… 7% with simultaneous increase in the strength of the agglomerate granules twice.
The emergence and existence of zones in the blast furnace due to the laws of heat exchange are considered. In the middle zone of the blast furnace, the temperature of the outgoing gas stream remains relatively constant and no chemical processes occur in it. This is the "thermal reserve zone", the upper part of this zone - the "chemical reserve zone" is represented by wustite, which is not restored. The reserve of this zone is the formation of a gas phase. When additives are added to the charge of ore-coal compositions, iron oxides are reduced (t=1000 °C) by the reaction Fe2O3+C=Fe3O4+CO2 and carbon gasification СО2+С=2СО (Boudoir reaction). The resulting gas phase (CO) intensively reduces iron oxides. Composites for blast furnace smelting are produced from a mixture of blast furnace slurries with cement additives. The mixture is processed into coal pellets or briquettes. Blast furnace smelting at metallurgical plants in Ukraine, South Korea, and Japan has shown that the use of ore-coal composites is an effective additive to the charge of blast furnace smelting to reduce coke consumption. The coal-coal composite effect is based on the theory of "Coupling Phenomenon" between carbon and iron-containing materials in the composite pellet. Their interaction takes place, as research has shown, at temperatures of 250-420°C in a CO atmosphere. Taking into account the Boudoir reaction, the temperature in the thermal reserve zone of the blast furnace decreases by 80-200°C. Thus, in the chemical reserve zone, the recovery of wustite does not occur at 1000°C, but at 920-800°C, and it moves closer to the zones of iron and slag formation. The article analyzes thermograms in a blast furnace taking into account red coal deposits. Chemically, the reserve zone is located in the middle of the mine (from the slag surface) 11.2 m. With an increase in the consumption of composite in the charge (30%), the position of the reserve zone decreases from 11.2 to 6.2 m. The width between the thermograms of 1200°C - 1400°C is a characteristic zone of cohesion, with an increase in the consumption of the composite, it decreases from 2.1 m t (without loading the composite) to 0.9 m with a consumption of the composite of 30%.
Data about concentrate ratio and sinter basicity influence on parameters of open and closed porosity are presented. Reducibility of sinter samples, the porosity of which had been previously identified by tomography, has been investigated for the first time. The fact that samples with pre-measured porosity could be analyzed further opens new possibilities to investigate mechanical and physic-chemical properties of sinter.
The object of research is the technology of chipboard dust processing and iron-containing metallurgical waste. The purpose of the work is the analysis of physico-chemical processes, experimental research and the development of innovative technological solutions and recommendations regarding chipboard dust and iron-containing metallurgical waste. Research methods – theoretical studies are based on the basic principles of physical chemistry and the theory of metallurgical processes. Calculations of the thermodynamic equilibrium of oxide systems are based on the Gibbs theory and implemented using the computer program "FASTSage 6.0"; research of the chemical composition of the phase components of manganese ferroalloys was carried out using a scanning electron microscope YSM-6300LA of the JEOL company, Japan. Scientific novelty. Effective removal of zinc from chipboard dust is already possible at moderate temperatures of 1000...1100oC, including when using substandard carbon materials as a carbon reducer. At temperatures of the order of 1000...1100°C, iron-containing dust and sludge undergo changes, which leads to a decrease in the content of Zn in the processed material, the transition of the original dusty materials into a compact, strong mass. Practical significance. Joint processing of slag and chipboard dust by batching in different proportions is not rational, since in this case the concentration of zinc collected in the gas cleaning of the processing unit is reduced. It will be more effective to organize alternate processing of chipboard dust and slag in different time periods (for example, monthly).
The object of research is the processes of vacuum treatment of liquid steel after its release from the steelmaking unit. The purpose of the work is to study the processes of degassing of liquid steel under vacuum and optimize the conditions for reducing the gas saturation of the metal. The research method is the use of a dynamic mathematical model, developed taking into account the provisions of process limitation by diffusion links of the metal - gas phase boundary transfer. Mathematical models of degassing of metal in ladles with argon purge have been developed, taking into account the distribution of gases from metal according to three articles - in CO bubbles, in argon bubbles and through the open surface of the metal. In all variants of change of technological parameters blocking of a considerable part of a surface of a section of a metal - gas phase by a stream of oxygen is observed. This is because oxygen flows are about an order of magnitude higher than hydrogen flows. At change of technological parameters there is a process of self-regulation of redistribution of streams of hydrogen and oxygen. This is primarily due to the large deviation of the reaction of CO formation from equilibrium. When replacing argon in the purge gas with nitrogen, the behavior of CO and hydrogen in the bubbles during vacuum treatment of the metal remains almost the same. The basis of the products of the decarburization reaction is CO. As oxygen is removed from the metal, the CO content in the purge gas bubbles decreases, and due to this, the hydrogen and nitrogen content increases. The content of CO and hydrogen in the bubbles of the purge gas does not depend on the ratio of argon and nitrogen in the vacuum treatment. The optimal ratio of the purge mixture can be changed depending on the grade of steel being smelted. Comparison of calculated and experimental data indicates a fairly high adequacy of the model in kind
The general regularities and mechanism of the process of sintering of iron ore are considered, taking into account the transformation occurring during sintering and with the participation of components of heterogeneous systems. It is shown that in heterogeneous systems during sintering significant influence on the change of mineralogical composition of the finished agglomerate is influenced by the amount of introduced ore and CaO due to which the phases are formed, which provide sufficient strength of the finished product. Microstructure studies have shown that the appearance of calcium ferrite agglomerates between magnetite grains and a decrease in the amount of silicate glass increases the agglomerate strength. Analysis of the sintering results shows that the ore substitution has no significant effect on the strength of the test sinter. However, with the ratio of ore / concentrate 9/1, the time at which the maximum temperature of the exhaust gases is reached is increased, which may be due to the change in the porosity of the charge layer when larger particles of iron ore are used. Obtaining agglomerate of a given basicity and properties is carried out at the size of limestone and solid fuel within 0-3mm, the size of the room-ore concentrate to 0.1 mm, iron ore was used without sieving by fractions, the humidity of the charge 7 - 8%, the consumption of solid fuel for the process 6 - 8%. The positive effect of the replacement of iron ore concentrate with the iron ore deposit "SUKHA BALKA" may be related to the chemical composition of the ore, which is rich in ore and contains aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide. Aluminum oxide promotes the formation of calcium Al2O3•SiO2•Fe2O3 and provides sufficient metallurgical strength for the agglomerate. The amount of magnetite decreased as it was spent on the formation of aluminosilicopherite. In addition, during crystallization, magnesium enters the lattice of two-calcium silicate and prevents the polymorphic transformation of β2CaO • SiO2 → γ 2CaO • SiO2, which also affects the strength of the agglomerate.
Purpose: to determine the effect of temperature and duration of firing on the dissociation-reduction reaction of mineral components of manganese ores. Recovery of manganese ore is carried out in four stages, which are determined by temperatures: <150°C, 150°C - 300°C, 300°C - 480°C, above 480°C. Topicality. Ores and concentrates undergo a number of complex transformations during heat treatment (agglomeration, firing of pellets and briquettes, preheating). The nature of such transformations is largely determined by chemical, mineralogical and particle size distribution, as well as other properties of the source ore. In addition to external conditions (temperature, pressure, nature of recovery, gas flow rate), the reaction rate is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the renewable substance, its mineralogical composition, structure, surface condition. The kinetic features of the reduction of pure manganese oxides are difficult to apply to manganese ores and concentrates with a rather complex structure and chemical composition. Understanding the basic chemical processes occurring in the smelting of manganese alloys is important for finding and justifying technological solutions to increase the efficiency of smelting of alloys. Method. Kinetic studies at different temperatures and fractional composition of the components under study. Results. The available literature data clearly indicate the dependence of the kinetic parameters of the processes occurring when heating manganese oxides in reducing conditions, from their physicochemical nature. To a lesser extent, process performance differs for natural minerals, although the composition of minerals may vary depending on the place of extraction. In this paper, it seems more appropriate to study the transformations that occur with manganese ores when heated, to use as an object of study the natural minerals that are part of these ores. Experimental data obtained in the study of physicochemical characteristics of the reducing processes of natural minerals can be used in the analysis of ore reduction and improvement of ferroalloy production processes. Scientific novelty. Kinetic studies of the process of interaction of minerals with reducing gas were performed at a constant heating rate of 14 degrees in the temperature range of 25-1000°C. Oxide concentrate and natural minerals lose moisture in the first 5-6 minutes. Their recovery proceeded at high speeds at temperatures of 300-4000C. A significant increase in speed was observed during the transition from a temperature of 4000C to a temperature of 6000C. Subsequent heating at 2000C led to a small increase in the total process speed. The total weight loss of the samples during heat treatment consisted of weight loss due to dissociation of manganese dioxide, weight loss due to dehydration and dissociation of carbonates that are part of the concentrate, as well as oxygen loss due to reduction. Calculations showed that the temperature of the beginning of the dissociation of MnO2 in a helium atmosphere is 460K. Dissociation of pure MnO2 is thermodynamically possible in the studied temperature range. The final decomposition product can only be manganese oxide. Practical significance. The obtained experimental data allowed to draw a conclusion about the inefficiency of grinding of oxidative manganese materials smaller than to the fraction -2.0 +1.5 mm before their heat or reduction-heat treatment in the processes of preparation of the charge for melting manganese ferroalloys. Key words: manganese ore, minerals, dissociation, kinetics, ore fractions
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