José Tomás Ibarra

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

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Tomás A. Altamirano

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Cristián Bonacic

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Julián Caviedes

Centre For Sustainable Urban Development

Kathy Martin

Environment and Climate Change Canada

Antonia Barreau

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Ricardo Rozzi

Universidad de Magallanes

Carla Marchant

Austral University of Chile

Fernando Novoa

Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability

Kristina L. Cockle

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Fausto O. Sarmiento

University of Georgia

Cooperative Institutions

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

University of Chile

Universidad de Magallanes

University of British Columbia

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Instituto de Ecología

Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity

Austral University of Chile

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

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Escuchando a los abuelos: transdisciplina, aves y gente para cultivar la memoria biocultural

Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Niñez y Juventud (2022)

José Tomás Ibarra Julián Caviedes Antonia Barreau Natalia Pessa Jeannette Valenzuela

(analítico)Presentamos una iniciativa y proponemos una metodología transdisciplinaria para cultivar la memoria biocultural, basada en los procesos de participación y materialización en comunidades de práctica (educativas). Presentamos el proyecto «Escuchando a los abuelos», que buscó facilitar diálogos intergeneracionales en tres escuelas mapuche (~ 90 niños y niñas) en Wallmapu, Chile. «Escuchando a los abuelos» utilizó a las aves como protagonistas de narrativas locales sobre el territorio. Cocreamos un ciclo de cinco pasos para promover la participación y la materialización. Los niños y niñas desarrollaron un ejercicio de abstracción para dar significado a las narrativas que ellos mismos recopilaron para crear memes positivos sobre las aves. Estos memes fueron comunicados dentro y más allá de sus comunidades. Concluimos que la experiencia de los abuelos debe ser honrada para contrarrestar la actual extinción de la experiencia biocultural. Palabras clave: Arte-ciencia; comunidades de práctica; educación ambiental; etnoornitología; extinción de la experiencia; mapuche; socio-ornitología.

10.11600/rlcsnj.20.2.4861

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Linking people and riparian forests: a sociocultural and ecological approach to plan integrative restoration in farmlands

Restoration Ecology (2023)

Tania Lucero José Tomás Ibarra Isabel Rojas

Global initiatives to restore habitats aim to improve ecosystem health; however, restoration programs are challenged with balancing human needs with ecological restoration objectives. To advise programs that aim to restore forest in farmlands and complement other analyses on ecologically‐based reference sites, we (1) identified species with sociocultural importance, termed as “priority species”; (2) developed an integrative index to find habitats where priority species coincide with healthy ecological conditions (i.e. relatively high diversity, specific plant composition, etc.); and (3) evaluated whether sociodemographic profiles of landowners influenced their plant knowledge and ecological condition of habitats. Our approach was applied to riparian forests in farmlands of the Toltén watershed in southern Chile. We conducted structured interviews to gather information on traditional uses and management of trees in riparian habitats from 45 landowners. We developed an integrative index by combining sociocultural information from interviews with existing vegetation data. From the list of 65 trees provided by landowners, we selected five priority species based on their high saliency, multiple uses, and known management. Only 6 out of 98 sites had high integrative index scores, with the majority showing low values for sociocultural and ecological conditions. Except for a difference in ecological criteria and gender, the evaluation of landowners' knowledge level with sociodemographic profiles did not show significant relationships. These findings suggest that our integrative index can guide the design of restoration objectives, emphasizing on species that are important to local communities by providing information on the ecological conditions in which these plants co‐occur.

Restoration Ecology

Riparian forest

10.1111/rec.13986

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While clearing the forests: The social–ecological memory of trees in the Anthropocene

AMBIO (2024)

José Tomás Ibarra Wladimir Riquelme Maulén Camila Bañales‐Seguel Gabriel Orrego Gonzalo Salazar

Anthropocene

Clearing

Tree (set theory)

Social Memory

Temperate rainforest

10.1007/s13280-024-02008-5

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Influence of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Stand Structural Complexity in Andean Temperate Forests: Implications for Managing Key Habitat for Biodiversity

PLoS ONE (2017)

Julián Caviedes José Tomás Ibarra

Forest attributes and their abundances define the stand structural complexity available as habitat for faunal biodiversity; however, intensive anthropogenic disturbances have the potential to degrade and simplify forest stands. In this paper we develop an index of stand structural complexity and show how anthropogenic disturbances, namely fire, logging, livestock, and their combined presence, affect stand structural complexity in a southern Global Biodiversity Hotspot. From 2011 to 2013, we measured forest structural attributes as well as the presence of anthropogenic disturbances in 505 plots in the Andean zone of the La Araucanía Region, Chile. In each plot, understory density, coarse woody debris, number of snags, tree diameter at breast height, and litter depth were measured, along with signs of the presence of anthropogenic disturbances. Ninety-five percent of the plots showed signs of anthropogenic disturbance (N = 475), with the combined presence of fire, logging, and livestock being the most common disturbance (N = 222; 44% of plots). The lowest values for the index were measured in plots combining fire, logging, and livestock. Undisturbed plots and plots with the presence of relatively old fires (> 70 years) showed the highest values for the index of stand structural complexity. Our results suggest that secondary forests < 70-year post-fire event, with the presence of habitat legacies (e.g. snags and CWD), can reach a structural complexity as high as undisturbed plots. Temperate forests should be managed to retain structural attributes, including understory density (7.2 ± 2.5 # contacts), volume of CWD (22.4 ± 25.8 m3/ha), snag density (94.4 ± 71.0 stems/ha), stand basal area (61.2 ± 31.4 m2/ha), and litter depth (7.5 ± 2.7 cm). Achieving these values will increase forest structural complexity, likely benefiting a range of faunal species in South American temperate forests.

Coarse Woody Debris

Understory

Temperate rainforest

Salvage logging

Structural complexity

10.1371/journal.pone.0169450

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Rural children know cavity-nesting birds of the Atlantic Forest but may underappreciate their critical habitat

Ornithological Applications (2024)

Eugenia Bianca Bonaparte José Tomás Ibarra Anne Liefländer Marcos Hugo Sosa Kristina L. Cockle

ABSTRACT Cavity-nesting birds are a diverse and charismatic community, with a common need for tree cavities that make them vulnerable to land management by humans. However, little research has formally integrated human social aspects into management recommendations for the conservation of cavity-nesting birds. In agroecosystems, people’s management decisions modify and define the habitat availability for native cavity-nesting species. These behaviors during adulthood are related to people’s worldviews and are shaped, in part, by childhood experiences. Ongoing forest loss may reduce opportunities for children to interact with and learn from cavity-nesting birds and their habitats. We used a social–ecological framework to assess rural children’s knowledge and representations of native cavity-nesting birds and their habitats in agroecosystems of the threatened Atlantic Forest of Argentina. We employed “freelists” and “draw-and-explain” strategies with 235 children from 19 rural schools and then compared results with a 4-year dataset of trees (n = 328) and tree-cavity nests (n = 164) in the same study area. Children listed a high diversity (93 taxa) of native cavity-nesting birds, especially parrots (Psittacidae), toucans (Ramphastidae), and woodpeckers (Picidae), which they mostly recognized as cavity nesters. However, children drew agricultural landscapes with few of the habitat features that these birds require (e.g., tree cavities, native forest). Exotic trees were overrepresented in drawings (40% of mentions) compared to our field dataset of nests (10%) and trees on farms (15%). Although children mentioned and depicted a high diversity of native cavity-nesting birds, our results may reveal a problematic extinction of experience regarding how these birds interact with their habitat. To strengthen children’s contextualized knowledge and promote their long-term commitment to the conservation of cavity-nesting species, we recommend fostering meaningful experiences for children to interact with native cavity-nesting birds and recognize their habitat needs. A version of this article translated into Spanish is available in Supplementary Material 1.

Nesting (process)

Agroecosystem

10.1093/ornithapp/duae052

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The conservation value of tree decay processes as a key driver structuring tree cavity nest webs in South American temperate rainforests

Biodiversity and Conservation (2017)

Tomás A. Altamirano José Tomás Ibarra Kathy Martin Cristián Bonacic

Obligate

Temperate forest

10.1007/s10531-017-1369-x

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Elevation has contrasting effects on avian and mammalian nest traits in the Andean temperate mountains

Austral Ecology (2019)

Tomás A. Altamirano María Teresa Honorato José Tomás Ibarra Mariano de la Maza Devin R. de Zwaan

Abstract Nest building is a widespread breeding strategy across taxa. Nest composition and structure can play a critical role in the breeding success and/or adult survival of nest‐building vertebrates. Although nest traits are expected to vary adaptively across elevational gradients, few studies address this relationship. We studied the variation in nest traits (composition and structure) across elevation for two taxa with two different functions in the Andean temperate forests of southern Chile: a bird ( Aphrastura spinicauda , Furnariidae, 170 breeding nests) and a marsupial mammal ( Dromiciops gliroides , Microbiotheriidae, 91 winter torpor nests). For A. spinicauda , we further assessed how nest traits influenced clutch size and hatching success. Both species used fewer types of nest materials (items) with increasing elevation, and a greater proportion of leaves were used in highland compared to lowland forests. Aphrastura spinicauda used feathers and hair, and D. gliroides used bryophytes more frequently in lowland forests. The mass and volume of nests decreased with increasing elevation for A . spinicauda and increased for D . gliroides . Nest traits had subsequent fitness consequences for A. spinicauda , such that: (i) greater cup volume and depth were associated with larger clutch sizes, (ii) more items used during nest building were linked to improved clutch size at high elevation only, and (iii) nest wall thickness was negatively associated with hatching success. Thus, in temperate mountain ecosystems, elevation may be an important factor influencing nest‐building behaviour for cavity‐using vertebrates. However, the direction of the elevational effects may vary among taxa and nest functions in these ecosystems.

Avian clutch size

Temperate rainforest

Elevation (ballistics)

10.1111/aec.12718

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Citations (17)

Modificaciones del medio ambiente y su impacto en la población

Población y desarrollo (2016)

Arnulfo Encina Rojas José Tomás Ibarra

El hombre a traves de los siglos ha sido el principal factor modificador del medio ambiente. Desgraciadamente la mayoria de esas modificaciones estan relacionadas a altas tasas de deforestacion, contaminacion de causes hidricos, degradacion de los suelos, perdida de la biodiversidad, degradacion de la atmosfera, etc.

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Urban noise and surrounding city morphology influence green space occupancy by native birds in a Mediterranean-type South American metropolis

Scientific Reports (2022)

Constanza Arévalo Juan David Amaya‐Espinel Cristián Henríquez José Tomás Ibarra Cristián Bonacic

Abstract Urban green spaces provide natural habitat for birds in urban landscapes, yet the effects of noise and surrounding urban morphology on bird community structure and distribution are not well understood in Latin America, the second most urbanized region in the world. Santiago of Chile is the single city belonging to the Mediterranean ecosystem in South America and is subject to extensive urbanization as seen throughout Latin America. We examined the role of 65 urban green spaces—6 large urban parks (PAR) and 59 small green spaces (SGS)—in harboring native birds during winter 2019, analyzing the quality of green areas in terms of vegetation (i.e. NDVI, native vegetation, and tree cover), exotic bird species, noise levels, and surrounding urban morphology (i.e. building height and cover). Significantly higher noise levels were detected in SGS, along with significantly greater exotic bird (n = 4) richness and abundance than PAR, which possessed significantly greater native bird (n = 25) richness and abundance. Native birds were more abundant than exotic birds in green spaces with average noise levels < 52 dB and average NDVI > 0.5. Occupancy models indicate that green space occupancy by 50% of modeled native bird species was influenced by maximum noise levels, playing a larger role than vegetation (30%) and urban morphology (0%). We stress the importance of developing networks of large green spaces in rapidly urbanizing regions, with abundant tree cover, surrounded by smaller urban morphology, and regulating noise levels to ensure the conservation of native bird communities in cities, particularly those that are threatened.

Occupancy

Urban forest

Urban ecology

Urban Morphology

10.1038/s41598-022-08654-7

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Rufous-legged Owl (Strix rufipes) and Austral Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium nanum) stand use in a gradient of disrupted and old growth Andean temperate forests, Chile

Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment (2012)

José Tomás Ibarra Nicolás Galvéz Alessandro Gimona Tomás A. Altamirano Isabel Rojas

We studied how human induced structural changes in forests affect stand use of the Rufous-legged Owl (forest-specialist) and the Austral Pygmy Owl (forest-facultative), in a gradient from lowland disrupted forests to protected Andean forests in Chile. We also tested if the calls of one species influenced the calling behaviour of the other. We detected a total of 34 Rufous-legged Owls and 21 Austral Pygmy Owls during the four seasons. Rufous-legged Owls were found principally in old growth Araucaria-Nothofagus stands (32.4%), and Pygmy Owls in old growth evergreen stands (52.4%). For both species there was a seasonal effect on call response, with a drop in responses in autumn and winter. Our models suggested that Rufous-legged Owls inhabit a more specific range of habitat characteristics than Pygmy Owls. The former selected stands with tall trees, relatively low tree density, and high bamboo density. Pygmy Owls selected stands with tall trees and relatively high tree density. There was no evidence that either species influenced the calling behaviour of the other, suggesting no negative association between use of a territory by the two species. Our results emphasize the importance of structural components of old growth forests for both species, but also the relevance of stands surrounding protected areas. Estudiamos cómo los cambios estructurales en el bosque, inducidos por el ser humano, afectan el uso de hábitat del concón (especialista de bosque) y del chuncho (facultativo de bosque), en un gradiente desde bosques perturbados en zonas bajas hasta bosques andinos protegidos de Chile. También evaluamos si los llamados de una especie influencian el comportamiento de vocalización de la otra. Detectamos un total de 34 concones y 21 chunchos para las cuatro estaciones del año. Los concones fueron registrados principalmente en bosques antiguos de Araucaria-Nothofagus (32.4%), y los chunchos en bosques antiguos siempre-verdes (52.4%). Para ambas especies hubo una disminución de la actividad en otoño e invierno. Nuestros modelos sugirieron que el concón tiene requerimientos de hábitat más específicos que el chuncho. El concón seleccionó bosques con árboles altos y en baja densidad relativa, y una alta densidad de quila. Por su parte, el chuncho seleccionó bosques con árboles altos y en alta densidad relativa. No hubo evidencia de que los llamados de una especie afectaran las respuestas de la otra, sugiriendo que no existe una asociación negativa en el uso de un mismo territorio por ellas. Los resultados enfatizan la importancia de los elementos estructurales de los bosques antiguos para ambas especies pero, a su vez, la relevancia de los bosques periféricos a áreas protegidas.

Temperate rainforest

Old-growth forest

10.1080/01650521.2012.665632

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Citations (16)