The weather index insurance for mutton sheep (WIMS) is the first index insurance product that addresses the increased feeding cost-related risk of grassland animal husbandry farmers in China. In 2019, the WIMS was implemented as a pilot project in 11 county regions of Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, China. Since the implementation of this product, the purchasing rate varied from region to region, as the highest purchasing rate was 84.3%, while the lowest was only 1.8%. This research intends to identify the factors affecting herders' purchasing behavior by using the double hurdle model. This paper reports a survey study of 535 participants herders in the Xilin Gol League. The results indicate that herders' age, disaster risk evaluation, awareness of insurance, pasture area, and neighborhood purchasing decision significantly impact herders' purchasing propensity. Disaster evaluation, insurance awareness, pasture area and location have a significant impact on the purchasing degree of herders. The study suggests that young and herders with large pasture area should be motivated to purchase insurance. In addition, a new method should be applied for the publicity of this insurance product. Investments should be focused on the automatic weather monitoring stations projects in pastoral areas to reduce the basis risk of the insurance.
Abstract Materials with low melting point and high energy density have become the focus of research on energy‐containing materials thanks to their superb detonation performance and wide applications. This paper proposed a new synthetic route for an energy‐containing compound 1‐trinitromethyl‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole (TNMNT), using 3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole as the raw material, low toxic chloroacetone as the substitute and KBr as the catalyst. These substances reacted at 70 °C for 3 h in a DMF reaction solvent system. The intermediate 1‐acetonyl‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole (ANT) was obtained with a yield of 38 %. The nitration process increased the volume ratio of mixed nitric and sulfuric acids (1 : 3), and the reaction time was 36 h. TNMNT as a nitrogen‐rich compound having low melting point and high energy density was synthesized with a yield of 43 %. Compared with the traditional process, the experimental period was significantly shortened, and this synthetic method proved more environment‐friendly. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and mechanical sensitivity tests were performed on the products. It was found that the melting and decomposition points of TNMNT were 100.5 °C and 166.4 °C, respectively, the characteristic drop height H 50 was 21.3 cm, and the frictional sensitivity was 56 %. Results show that the TNMNT crystals synthesized by this new route have better morphology, higher purity, and lower melting point. Compared with the raw material, the introduction of the trinitromethyl group produced higher mechanical sensitivity than other compounds having low melting point. Calculation of the thermal decomposition parameters found: activation energy of 104.4 kJ ⋅ mol −1 , pre‐exponential factor of 2.27×10 10 s −1 , activation enthalpy of 100.9 kJ ⋅ mol −1 , activation entropy of 57.98 J ⋅ mol −1 ⋅ K −1 , and activation free energy of 125.72 kJ ⋅ mol −1 .
In 2008,Inner Mongolia began to comprehensively implement cow insurance which enjoyed premium subsidies from governments.During three years,it was gradually getting into scrape.This paper,based on the actual conditions of cow insurance in Inner Mongolia,profoundly analyzed its problems,and finally proposed to the suggestions and solutions to ensure its sound development.
Residues of DDT,Chlordane,Aldrin,Dicldrin,Heptachlor,and Heptachlor epoxide in shellfish were determined by gas chromatography(GC) equipped with a column of DB-5(30 m×0.32 mm(id)×0.25 μm) and the miero-electron Capture detector(μ-ECD).The shellfish samples were ground,blended with anhydrous sodium sulphate and extracted with acetone-petroleum ether.The extract was cleaned up by passing through Florisil Column,and the good linearities were fitted for 10 organochlorine pesticides in the range of 0.0025-0.05 μg/mL.The standard curves had correlation coefficient of more than 0.9990 with the detection limits of 0.005 mg/kg.The average recoveries for those pesticide residues in shellfish varied from 72.62% to 106.45%.At three spiked levels,the relative standard deviations(RSD)were 1.19%-8.00%.
The influence of TOC's concentration and category in the sea water to the accumulation of mixture heavy metals in the tissues of viscus, muscle, gills was studied. The result indicated that the excretion of Ulva pertusa and Paralichthys olivaceus could decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals obviously .With the increase of TOC's concentration, the accumulation of Cu, Pb, Cd in viscus, muscle, gill of Paralichthys olivaceus decreased obviously. When the concentration of TOC were similar, Ulva pertusa excretion could reduce the metal accumulation more than Paralichthys olivaceus. The concentration and category of TOC had no influence to the distribution of heavy metals accumulation in the tissues of fish. The accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues from high to low is viscus, gills and muscle.
Chelates of amino acids or inorganic salts were supplemented to the feed for Tilapia nilotica and Cyprinus carpio as additives. As compared with inorganic salts, chelates of amino acids greatly promoted the growth of the two fish species. The average specially designated growth rate was 89.25% and 79.61% higher in the two chelate treatment groups than in the inorganic salt treatment group for T. nilotica , respectively,and was 55.00% higher for C. carpio . Variance analysis showed that the difference between chelates of amino acids and inorganic salts in their growth promoting effects was highly significant.
This study compared the physicochemical properties and characteristic volatile compounds of honey samples from Guizhou, China (such as Dalbergia odorifera T , Rhus chinensis Mill , blueberry, and loquat honey), and Manuka honey. The moisture content, 5‐HMF, antioxidant capacity, sugars, amino acids, minerals, and volatile compounds were measured. The results indicated that all honey samples met the standards of the Chinese honey industry. Using GC × GC‐TOF MS technology, 927 volatile substances were detected in Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen honey, 930 in Manuka honey, 764 in Rhus chinensis Mill honey, 768 in blueberry honey, and 617 in loquat honey. The study described the volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of each honey. The main volatile compounds identified in all samples were hydrocarbons, aldehydes, esters, ketones, and alcohols, with predominant sensory flavors of sweet, green, and floral notes.
Abstract Natural dissipative assembly (DSA) often exhibit energy‐driven shifts in natural functions. However, creating man‐made DSA that can mimic such biological activities transformation remains relatively rare. Herein, we introduce a cytomembrane‐like dissipative assembly system based on chiral supramolecules. This system employs benzoyl cysteine in an out of equilibrium manner, enabling the shifts in biofunctions while minimizing material use. Specifically, aroyl‐cystine derivatives primarily assemble into stable M‐helix nanofibers under equilibrium conditions. These nanofibers enhance fibroblast adhesion and proliferation through stereospecific interactions with chiral cellular membranes. Upon the addition of chemical fuels, these functional nanofibers temporarily transform into non‐equilibrium nanospheres, facilitating efficient drug delivery. Subsequently, these nanospheres revert to their original nanofiber state, effectively recycling the drug. The programmable function‐shifting ability of this DSA establishes it as a novel, fuel‐driven drug delivery vehicle. And the bioactive DSA not only addresses a gap in synthetic DSAs within biological applications but also sets the stage for innovative designs of ′living′ materials.
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