Ellen R. M. Druffel

University of California, Irvine

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Sheila Griffin

University of California, Irvine

Brett D. Walker

University of California, Irvine

James E. Bauer

The Ohio State University

Ann P. McNichol

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

John Southon

Irvine University

S. Griffin

Newcastle University

Steven R. Beaupré

Stony Brook University

Pavel P. Povinec

Comenius University Bratislava

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Édouard Bard

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Jeomshik Hwang

Seoul National University

Cooperative Institutions

University of Arizona

134

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

University of California, Irvine

Woodwell Climate Research Center

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique

University of California, San Diego

Irvine University

Environmental Education Exchange

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Distributions of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon and radiocarbon in the eastern North Pacific continental margin

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography (1998)

James E. Bauer Ellen R. M. Druffel David M. Wolgast Sheila Griffin Caroline A. Masiello

Abyssal zone

Abyssal plain

Continental Margin

10.1016/s0967-0645(97)00098-2

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Citations (39)

Decade time scale variability of ventilation in the North Atlantic: High‐precision measurements of bomb radiocarbon in banded corals

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1989)

Ellen R. M. Druffel

The first high‐precision radiocarbon measurements for the upper ocean are presented for banded corals from two sites in the North Atlantic Ocean. The striking dissimilarities between the post‐1950 records at Bermuda in the Sargasso Sea and the Florida Straits in the Gulf Stream illustrate the different mixing processes in the upper ocean at each site. Convective overturn associated with 18° degree water formation during late winter in the northern Sargasso Sea facilitates storage of considerable quantities of bomb radiocarbon at depth, which accounts for the damping of the Δ 14 C signal at Bermuda during the 1960s. A multibox isopycnal mixing model is used to estimate the ventilation rate of the upper 700 m of the water column in the Sargasso Sea from 1950 to 1983. An inverse model is used; that is, the water mass renewal rate was calculated for the post‐bomb period in order to satisfy the bomb radiocarbon time history in the corals. Sea water radiocarbon measurements made during the GEOSECS (1972–1973) and Transient Tracers in the Ocean (1980–1981) surveys are used to constrain the subsurface radiocarbon values calculated by the model. Results show that the rate of water mass renewal in the Sargasso Sea was high during 1963–1964, decreased during the late 1960s, and remained low during most of the 1970s. The 14 C‐derived record of water mass renewal precedes by about 4 years that derived from isopycnal salinity in the Sargasso Sea [Jenkins, 1982], illustrating that the coral 14 C record is controlled to a large extent by changes in ocean circulation rather than by atmospheric exchange of CO 2 .

Isopycnal

Sargasso sea

Gulf Stream

10.1029/jc094ic03p03271

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The feasibility of isolation and detection of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes using the benzene polycarboxylic acid method

Marine Pollution Bulletin (2009)

Lori A. Ziolkowski Ellen R. M. Druffel

Carbon fibers

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.04.018

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Pacific carbon cycling constrained by organic matter size, age and composition relationships

Nature Geoscience (2016)

Brett D. Walker Steven R. Beaupré T. P. Guilderson Matthew D. McCarthy Ellen R. M. Druffel

Biogeochemical Cycle

Carbon fibers

Cycling

10.1038/ngeo2830

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Citations (92)

Radiocarbon in dissolved organic matter in the central North Pacific Ocean

Nature (1987)

Peter M. Williams Ellen R. M. Druffel

Carbon fibers

10.1038/330246a0

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Citations (596)

Large-volume ultrafiltration for the study of radiocarbon signatures and size vs. age relationships in marine dissolved organic matter

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2011)

Brett D. Walker Steven R. Beaupré T. P. Guilderson Ellen R. M. Druffel Matthew D. McCarthy

Ultrafiltration (renal)

10.1016/j.gca.2011.06.015

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Citations (50)

Radiocarbon distributions in Southern Ocean dissolved and particulate organic matter

Geophysical Research Letters (2000)

Ellen R. M. Druffel James E. Bauer

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest actively exchanging pool of organic carbon in the ocean, yet its sources and sinks are not well constrained. The average 14 C ages of DOC in the deep N. Atlantic and N. Pacific Oceans are 4,000 [ Bauer et al., 1992; Druffel et al., 1992] and 6,000 years [ Williams and Druffel , 1987], respectively, and represent the beginning and end of the deep ocean conveyor [ Broecker , 1991]. Here we report that the deep Southern Ocean DOC has a 14 C age (5,600 y) much closer to that of the deep N. Pacific, but its concentration in seawater (41±2 µM) is nearly equal to that of the deep N. Atlantic. The radiocarbon and concentration data indicate that most, but not all, deep DOC is transported conservatively with the ocean's conveyor. A younger (post‐bomb) source of DOC to the N. Atlantic is the most likely explanation for the large age difference we observe between deep DOC in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. Other possibilities are a source of older DOC or a smaller microbial sink in the S. Ocean, or perhaps a possible slowdown of S. Ocean deep water formation during the past century [ Broecker et al., 1999].

Deep ocean water

Sink (geography)

10.1029/1999gl002398

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Citations (93)

Modern and fossil corals from Palmyra and Christmas islands

Laura K. Zaunbrecher K. M. Cobb J Beck C.D. Charles Ellen R. M. Druffel

10.1594/pangaea.831253

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Pulses of Rapid Ventilation in the North Atlantic Surface Ocean During the Past Century

Science (1997)

Ellen R. M. Druffel

The Suess Effect is a gradual decrease of the 14 C/ 12 C ratio in tree rings from 1870 to 1950 that is attributed mostly to the burning of 14 C-free fossil fuels for energy. In contrast, pre-nuclear bomb high-precision measurements of 14 C/ 12 C ratios in banded corals from the North Atlantic Ocean do not exhibit the expected Suess Effect. Instead, large biennial-to-decadal shifts in the 14 C/ 12 C ratios appear throughout the coral records. This pattern indicates that rapid pulses of increased mixing between surface and subsurface waters occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean during the past century.

Gulf Stream

10.1126/science.275.5305.1454

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Citations (76)

RDC volume 39 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

Radiocarbon (1997)

Andrew Jull Renee Kra Acting Managing David Sewell Kimberley Elliott

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Front cover

10.1017/s003382220005205x

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