Mukund V. Deshpande

National Chemical Laboratory

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Santosh G. Tupe

National Chemical Laboratory

Vandana Ghormade

Agharkar Research Institute

Ejaj K. Pathan

Symbiosis International University

Fazal Shirazi

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Vandana S. Pore

National Chemical Laboratory

M. C. Srinivasan

United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Braja G. Hazra

National Chemical Laboratory

Chepuri V. Ramana

National Chemical Laboratory

Preeti Chaudhary

All India Institute of Medical Sciences

Duhita G. Sant

Monash University

Cooperative Institutions

National Chemical Laboratory

125

Savitribai Phule Pune University

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Indian Institute of Chemical Technology

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Assam Agricultural University

National Centre for Cell Science

Agharkar Research Institute

Jawaharlal Nehru University

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Development of <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> as a Mycoinsecticide: From Isolation to Field Performance

Journal of Visualized Experiments (2017)

Santosh G. Tupe Ejaj K. Pathan Mukund V. Deshpande

A major concern when developing commercial mycoinsecticides is the kill speed compared to that of chemical insecticides. Therefore, isolation and screening for the selection of a fast-acting, highly virulent entomopathogenic fungus are important steps. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium, Beauveria, and Nomurea, which act by contact, are better suited than Bacillus thuringiensis or nucleopolyhedrosis virus (NPV), which must be ingested by the insect pest. In the present work, we isolated 68 Metarhizium strains from infected insects using a soil dilution and bait method. The isolates were identified by the amplification and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 26S rDNA region. The most virulent strain of Metarhizium anisopliae was selected based on the median lethal concentration (LC50) and time (LT50) obtained in insect bioassays against III-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. The mass production of spores by the selected strain was carried out with solid-state fermentation (SSF) using rice as a substrate for 14 days. Spores were extracted from the sporulated biomass using 0.1% tween-80, and different formulations of the spores were prepared. Field trials of the formulations for the control of an H. armigera infestation in pigeon peas were carried out by randomized block design. The infestation control levels obtained with oil and aqueous formulations (78.0% and 70.9%, respectively) were better than the 63.4% obtained with chemical pesticide.

Beauveria

Entomopathogenic fungus

Hypocreales

Metarhizium

Biopesticide

Bacillus thuringiensis

10.3791/55272-v

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Using conjunction of attribute values for classification

Mukund V. Deshpande George Karypis

Advances in the efficient discovery of frequent itemsets have led to the development of a number of schemes that use frequent itemsets to aid developing accurate and efficient classifiers. These approaches use the frequent itemsets to generate a set of composite features that expand the dimensionality of the underlying dataset. In this paper, we build upon this work and (i) present a variety of schemes for composite feature selection that achieve a substantial reduction in the number of features without adversely affecting the accuracy gains, and (ii) show (both analytically and experimentally) that the composite features can lead to improved classification models even in the context of support vector machines, in which the dimensionality can automatically be expanded by the use of appropriate kernel functions.

Kernel (algebra)

Feature (linguistics)

10.1145/584849.584851

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Factors affecting stability ofSclerotium rolfsii UV-8 mutant cellulase complex under saccharification conditions

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (1991)

Mukund V. Deshpande

Bagasse

10.1007/bf02922127

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Citations (2)

Effect of fatty acids on cellulase production by Penicillium funiculosum and its mutants

Biotechnology Letters (1987)

Mukund V. Deshpande M. C. Srinivasan S. S. Deshmukh

10.1007/bf01025792

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Citations (13)

Comparison ofMetarhiziumisolates for biocontrol ofHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in chickpea

Biocontrol Science and Technology (2008)

Shuklangi A. Kulkarni Vandana Ghormade Girish Kulkarni Manisha Kapoor Santosh B. Chavan

Abstract Metarhizium isolates from soil (53) and insect hosts (10) were evaluated for extracellular production of cuticle degrading enzyme (CDE) activities such as chitinase, chitin deacetylase (CDA), chitosanase, protease and lipase. Regression analysis demonstrated the relation of CDE activities with Helicoverpa armigera mortality. On basis of this relation, ten isolates were selected for further evaluation. Subsequently, based on LT50 of the 10 isolates towards H. armigera, five isolates were selected. Out of these five isolates, three were selected on the basis of higher conidia production (60–75 g/kg rice), faster sedimentation time (ST50) (2.3–2.65 h in 0.1% (w/v) Tween 80) and lower LC50 (1.4–5.7×103 conidia/mL) against H. armigera. Finally, three Metarhizium isolates were selected for the molecular fingerprinting using ITS sequencing and RAPD patterning. All three isolates, M34412, M34311 and M81123, showed comparable RAPD patterns with a 935G primer. These were further evaluated for their field performance against H. armigera in a chickpea crop. The percent efficacies with the three Metarhizium isolates were from 65 to 72%, which was comparable to the chemical insecticide, endosulfan (74%).

Metarhizium

Biopesticide

Chitinase

Helicoverpa

Beauveria

10.1080/09583150802366475

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Citations (33)

Sclerotium rolfsii: Status in cellulase research

FEMS Microbiology Letters (1988)

Anil Lachke Mukund V. Deshpande

Microbial degradation of native cellulose to glucose is catalysed by cellulases which refers to a group of enzymes acting in concert. The extracellular enzyme systems of Trichoderma reesei, Sporotrichum pulverulentum, Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii have been examined more extensively than other microbial sources. The objective of this review is to present a comparative study of the research on cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes from S. rolfsii.

Aspergillus niger

Trichoderma

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02742.x

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Citations (35)

Development of <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> as a Mycoinsecticide: From Isolation to Field Performance

Journal of Visualized Experiments (2017)

Santosh G. Tupe Ejaj K. Pathan Mukund V. Deshpande

Beauveria

Entomopathogenic fungus

Metarhizium

Hypocreales

Biopesticide

Bacillus thuringiensis

10.3791/55272

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Citations (13)

Possible mechanism of antifungal phenazine-1-carboxamide fromPseudomonassp. against dimorphic fungiBenjaminiella poitrasiiand human pathogenCandida albicans

Journal of Applied Microbiology (2014)

Santosh G. Tupe Roshan R. Kulkarni Fazal Shirazi Duhita G. Sant Suchitra Joshi

Investigation of antifungal mechanism of phenazine 1-carboxamide (PC) produced by a Pseudomonas strain MCC2142.An antifungal metabolite produced by a Pseudomonas was purified and identified as PC. Human pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger were found to be inhibited by PC (MIC90 32-64 μg ml(-1)). Addition of PC (20 μg ml(-1)) during yeast (Y)-hypha (H) transitions inhibited germ tube formation by >90% and >99% in C. albicans National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM) 3471 and nonpathogenic model Benjaminiella poitrasii, respectively. After exposure to PC (20 μg ml(-1)), 75-80% yeast cells of B. poitrasii and C. albicans NCIM 3471 showed rhodamine 123 fluorescence indicating high intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS further led to hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane, subsequently induction of apoptosis as evident by externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and finally death in B. poitrasii. In C. albicans NCIM 3471, PC (20 μg ml(-1)) induced apoptosis.The antifungal effect of PC in B. poitrasii and C. albicans may be due to ROS-mediated apoptotic death.Inhibition of Y-H transition of B. poitrasii and C. albicans by PC indicates that it may prove useful in the control of dimorphic human pathogens.

Phenazine

Fungal pathogen

Human pathogen

Dimorphic fungus

Opportunistic pathogen

10.1111/jam.12675

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Citations (45)

Significance of NADP/NAD glutamate dehydrogenase ratio in the dimorphic behavior of Benjaminiella poitrasii and its morphological mutants

Journal of Bacteriology (1992)

Ameeta Khale M. C. Srinivasan Mukund V. Deshpande

Studies on the levels of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase were carried out as a function of temperature, nutritional conditions, and the morphological (yeast or mycelium) form of Benjaminiella poitrasii. Since both NAD- and NADP-dependent GDH activities were found in B. poitrasii, the quantitative relation between these two enzymes expressed as the NADP-GDH/NAD-GDH activity ratio (GDH ratio) was studied to evaluate its possible role in the morphogenesis. In the yeast-to-mycelium transition, a decrease in the GDH ratio occurred (between 1 and 2 h) and germ tube formation could be observed only at 3 h. Under similar sets of experimental conditions, exogenous addition 1.0 mM of alpha-ketoglutarate delayed germ tube emergence (4 h) compared with the control. On the other hand, in the presence of 1.0 mM glutamate an earlier onset of the germ tube formation was noted. The morphological (monomorphic) mutants, Y-2 and Y-5, showed a high GDH ratio and maintained the yeast morphology.

Germ tube

Glutamate synthase

10.1128/jb.174.11.3723-3728.1992

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Citations (23)

Extracellular Ribonuclease Production by Rhizopus stolonifer : Influence of Metal Ions

Current Microbiology (1996)

Rohini Chacko Mukund V. Deshpande Vepatu Shankar

Divalent

Yeast extract

Growth medium

10.1007/s002849900044

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Citations (26)