Abstract Background This study will examine the effectiveness and safety of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for the treatment of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods We will retrieve the following electronic databases from their commencements to the March 1, 2020 to discover all related potential studies: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and WANFANG Database. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the NMES for the treatment of patients with IC will be included, regardless publication status and language. Literature selection, data collection, and study quality assessment will be independently performed by two authors. The extracted data will be expressed as risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data, and mean difference or standard mean difference and 95% CIs for continuous data. RevMan V.5.3 software will be employed for statistical analysis.Discussion This study will summarize current high quality RCTs to appraise the effectiveness and safety of NMES for the treatment of patients with IC. The findings of this study will provide helpful evidence to determine whether NMES is an effective treatment for patients with IC or not. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020170495.
Time-space four-dimensional motion target localization is a fundamental and challenging task in the field of intelligent driving, and an important part of achieving the upgrade in existing target localization technologies. In order to solve the problem of the lack of localization of moving targets in a spatio-temporal four-dimensional environment in the existing spatio-temporal data model, this paper proposes an optical imaging model in the four-dimensional time-space system and a mathematical model of the object-image point mapping relationship in the four-dimensional time-space system based on the central perspective projection model, combined with the one-dimensional "time" and three-dimensional "space". After adding the temporal dimension, the imaging system parameters are extended. In order to solve the nonlinear mapping problem of complex systems, this paper proposes to construct a time-space four-dimensional object-image mapping relationship model based on a BP artificial neural network and demonstrates the feasibility of the joint time-space four-dimensional imaging model theory. In addition, indoor time-space four-dimensional localization prediction experiments verify the performance of the model in this paper. The maximum relative error rates of the predicted motion depth values, time values, and velocity values of this localization method compared with the real values do not exceed 0.23%, 2.03%, and 1.51%, respectively.
Previous studies have reported that docetaxel combined prednisone (DP) has been used for the treatment of patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). However, its results are still inconsistent. Therefore, this study will synthesize the latest evidence of the efficacy and safety of DP for the treatment of patients with HRPC.Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBM, and CNKI will be searched to identify randomized controlled trials published from their inception to the March 1, 2020, irrespective language and publication time restrictions. We will calculate the pooled effects of dichotomous outcomes as risk ratio and 95% confidence intervals, and that of continuous outcomes as standardized mean difference or mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. Study quality will be assessed using Cochrane risk of bias, and quality of evidence for main outcome will be evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation. Statistical analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software.This study will appraise the efficacy and safety of DP for the treatment of patients with HRPC. The primary outcome includes overall survival, and the secondary outcomes comprise of progression-free survival, prostate-specific antigen response rate, duration of prostate-specific antigen response, objective tumor response rate, disease-free survival, quality of life, and adverse events.The results of this study may provide helpful evidence of DP for the treatment of patients with HRPC.Systematic review registration: INPLASY202040112.
This study aimed to determine the value of HA/HAase for detecting bladder cancer on the basis of preceding statistical performance.PubMed, Springer Link, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify potentially relevant published articles by using the key words: "bladder cancer or bladder tumor or bladder carcinoma", "hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan", "hyaluronidase or HAase".The methodological quality of each study was assessed by QUADAS-2.According to the inclusive and exclusive criteria, 8 articles were identified and methodologically analyzed by STATA 12.0 software package.The results showed that the pooled sensitivity of HA and HAase was 0.832 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.798, 0.861) and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.756, 0.891) respectively, the pooled specificity was 0.886 (95% CI: 0.852, 0.913) and 0.860 (95% CI: 0.801, 0.904), and the area under the summary ROC cure (AUC) was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.92) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.93), respectively.Simultaneously the diagnostic accuracy of the combination of HA and HAase showed that the pooled sensitivity was 0.908 (95% CI: 0.879, 0.931), the pooled specificity was 0.825 (95% CI: 0.789, 0.856) and AUC was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.95), indicating a relatively higher accuracy than HA and HAase alone.This meta-analysis strongly suggests that HA/HAase could be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Abstract Objectives: Bladder carcinoma (BLCA) is one of the most common malignant diseases of urinary system. Our study aimed to investigate the autophagy-related signatures in the tumor immune microenvironment and construct effective prognosis prediction model. Methods: RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical information of BLCA were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Autophagy-related genes were extracted from TCGA dataset for consensus clustering analysis, and differences in survival rate were analyzed. STIMATE algorithm was used to analyze the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cell infiltration was compared between different clusters. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different clusters were identified, followed by function annotation. Independent prognostic signatures were further revealed to construct prognostic prediction model. Results: We identified 35 autophagy-related genes associated with prognosis. Survival rate of samples in cluster 1 was significant lower than that in cluster 2. Cluster 2 had markedly lower tumor purity and significantly higher estimate score and stromal score than cluster 1. The proportions of T cells CD8, macrophages M1, T cells CD4 memory activated, NK cells activated, and dendritic cells activated were higher in cluster 1. There were 1,275 DEGs which were mainly enriched in functions and pathways related to immune response and cancer. Seven genes ( ATF6 , CAPN2 , NAMPT , NPC1 , P4HB , PIK3C3 , and RPTOR ) were further identified as the independent prognostic signatures to construct risk score prediction model, which had good prediction performance. Conclusion: Prognosis prediction model based on 7 autophagy-related genes may have great value in BLCA prognosis prediction.
To study the correlation of homocysteine (Hcy) in plasma with nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) in the penile corpus cavernosum of type 2 diabetic rats.This study included 40 male Wistar rats, 10 as controls (Group A) and the other 30 as diabetes mellitus (DM) models. Four weeks after the model establishment, the model rats were divided into a DM group (Group B, n = 10), an insulin treated group (Group C, n = 10), and a folic acid and vitamin B12 treated group (Group D, n = 10). All the rats were injected with apomorphine and observed for penile erection at 8 and 12 weeks, and the levels of total plasma Hcy (tHcy), NOS and CO in the penile corpus cavernosum were measured at 12 weeks.Compared with Group A, the level of tHcy was significantly increased, while NOS and CO activities in the penile cavernous tis-sue and erectile function remarkably decreased in Group B (P < 0.01). The incidence rate of high Hcy was 55% in the DM rats. In comparison, the level of tHcy was obviously decreased, and the NOS activity and erectile function markedly increased in Groups C and D (P < 0.01). The Hcy level showed a significant negative correlation with NOS activity (rA = -0.89, rB = -0.76, rc = -0.91, rD = -0.91) and CO content (TA = -0.82, r, = -0.77, rc = -0.93, rD = -0.81).High plasma Hcy can decrease NOS and CO activities in the penile corpus cavernosum, and consequently induce erectile dysfunction in DM rats, while insulin, folic acid and vitamin B12 can improve their penile erectile function by increasing NOS and CO activities.
Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a prevalent urological carcinoma with high metastatic risk. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as effective diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for CCRCC. This research aims to disclose the involvement of circRNA ribosomal protein L23a (circ_RPL23A) in CCRCC, and how it regulates carcinogenesis. Methods We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine circ_RPL23A, microRNA-1233 (miR-1233) and acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2). Cellular behavior detection included cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis, which were severally analyzed using propidium iodide (PI)-flow cytometry, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Annexin V/PI-flow cytometry and transwell migration/invasion assays. ACAT2 and related proteins of cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured via western blot. Target relationship was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft model was used to study circ_RPL23A action in mice. Results Both in CCRCC tissues and cells, circ_RPL23A had a down-regulated tendency. Explicitly, circ_RPL23A overexpression inhibited cell cycle, proliferation and metastasis but enhanced apoptosis of CCRCC cells, whereas these effects of circ_RPL23A were dependent on the suppression of its target miR-1233. Besides, miR-1233 could target ACAT2 and circ_RPL23A regulated ACAT2 by sponging miR-1233. Also importantly, miR-1233 was a pro-cancer gene in CCRCC via targeting ACAT2. CCRCC tumor growth was also decreased in vivo by circ_RPL23A through miR-1233/ACAT2 axis. Conclusion Altogether, the circ_RPL23A/miR-1233/ACAT2 axis in this report provides an in-depth cognition for CCRCC pathogenesis and circ_RPL23A may has pivotal value in diagnosing and treating CCRCC.
Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is a prevalent urological carcinoma with high metastatic risk. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as effective diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for CCRCC. This research aims to disclose the involvement of circRNA ribosomal protein L23a (circ_RPL23A) in CCRCC, and how it regulates carcinogenesis. Methods We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to examine circ_RPL23A, microRNA-1233 (miR-1233) and acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2). Cellular behavior detection included cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis, which were severally analyzed using propidium iodide (PI)-flow cytometry, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Annexin V/PI-flow cytometry and transwell migration/invasion assays. ACAT2 and related proteins of cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured via western blot. Target relationship was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assay. A xenograft model was used to study circ_RPL23A action in mice. Results Both in CCRCC tissues and cells, circ_RPL23A had a down-regulated tendency. Explicitly, circ_RPL23A overexpression inhibited cell cycle, proliferation and metastasis but enhanced apoptosis of CCRCC cells, whereas these effects of circ_RPL23A were dependent on the suppression of its target miR-1233. Besides, miR-1233 could target ACAT2 and circ_RPL23A regulated ACAT2 by sponging miR-1233. Also importantly, miR-1233 was a pro-cancer gene in CCRCC via targeting ACAT2. CCRCC tumor growth was also decreased in vivo by circ_RPL23A through miR-1233/ACAT2 axis. Conclusion Altogether, the circ_RPL23A/miR-1233/ACAT2 axis in this report provides an in-depth cognition for CCRCC pathogenesis and circ_RPL23A may has pivotal value in diagnosing and treating CCRCC.
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