Liver cancer is a critical clinical condition with augmented malignancy, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Liver cancer often initiates as fibrosis, develops as cirrhosis, and results in cancer. For centuries, medicinal plants have been incorporated in various liver-associated complications, and recently, research has recognized that many bioactive compounds from medicinal plants may interact with targets related to liver disorders. Phyllanthin from the Phyllanthus species is one such compound extensively used by folklore practitioners for various health benefits. However, most practices continue to be unrecognized scientifically. Hence, in this work, we investigated the protective role of phyllanthin on diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver carcinoma in Wistar Albino rats and the anti-tumor potential on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells. The DEN-challenged liver cancer in experimental rats caused increased liver weight, 8-OHD, hepatic tissue injury marker, lipid peroxidation, and tumor markers levels. Remarkably, phyllanthin counteracted the DEN effect by ameliorating all the liver function enzymes, oxidative DNA damage, and tumor-specific markers by enhanced anti-oxidant capacity and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through the mTOR/ PI3K signaling pathway. MTT assay demonstrated that phyllanthin inhibited the HepG2 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Fascinatingly, phyllanthin did not demonstrate any substantial effect on the normal cell line, HL7702. In addition, HepG2 cells were found in the late apoptotic stage upon treatment with phyllanthin as depicted by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Overall, this work offers scientific justification that phyllanthin can be claimed to be a safe candidate with potential chemotherapeutic activity against HCC.
This study innovatively explores the combined effects of mixed LED light wavelengths and GR24 concentrations on the overall methane and antibiotic removal in swine wastewater through different microalgae-bacteria-fungi consortia. Four consortia were formed (C. vulgaris monocultures (Treatment 1), C. vulgaris-activated sludge-C. rosea (Treatment 2), C. vulgaris-B. licheniformis-C. rosea (Treatment 3), and C. vulgaris-S395-2-C. rosea (Treatment 4)) to optimize conditions for antibiotic and CO2 removal. Under a red-to-blue light ratio of 5:5, Treatment 4 exhibited superior levels of chlorophyll a, growth, and photosynthesis and displayed the most remarkable antibiotic removal rate, effectively degrading TC, OTC, CPFX, NFX, SMZ, and SMM by 98.77 ± 1.05%, 93.74 ± 5.06%, 62.44 ± 5.58%, 55.07 ± 4.97%, 70.39 ± 6.03%, and 67.46 ± 6.25%, respectively. A concentration of 10-9 M GR24 maximally enhanced the removal of antibiotics and CO2 in Treatment 4. This study provides valuable insights for enhancing wastewater treatment practices and environmental governance.
A patterned microchannel dip-coating method was developed for achieving high-quality organic single crystal arrays, ensuring the fabrication of discrete organic field-effect transistor arrays with a high average mobility of 1.5 cm2V−1s−1.
Abstract Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to the enlargement of the lower artery of the abdominal aorta, and identification of an early detection tool is urgently needed for diagnosis. In the current study, an interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensing surface was used to identify miRNA-335-5p, which reflects the formation of AAAs. The uniformity of the silica material was observed by 3D profilometry, and the chemically modified highly conductive surface improved the detection via the I-V mode. The targeted miRNA-335-5p was detected in a dose-dependent manner and based on linear regression and 3σ analyses, the sensitivity was determined to be 1 fM with a biotinylated probe. The high specificity was shown by discriminating the target sequence from noncomplementary and single- and triple-mismatched sequences. These outputs demonstrated the high-performance detection of miRNA-335-5p with good reproducibility for determination of the severity of AAA.
Sterile-fertile heteroblasty is a common phenomenon observed in ferns, where the leaf shape of a fern sporophyll, responsible for sporangium production, differs from that of a regular trophophyll. However, due to the large size and complexity of most fern genomes, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of these functionally different heteroblasty have remained elusive. To shed light on these mechanisms, we generated a full-length transcriptome of Ceratopteris chingii with PacBio Iso-Seq from five tissue samples. By integrating Illumina-based sequencing short reads, we identified the genes exhibiting the most significant differential expression between sporophylls and trophophylls.The long reads were assembled, resulting in a total of 24,024 gene models. The differential expressed genes between heteroblasty primarily involved reproduction and cell wall composition, with a particular focus on expansin genes. Reconstructing the phylogeny of expansin genes across 19 plant species, ranging from green algae to seed plants, we identified four ortholog groups for expansins. The observed high expression of expansin genes in the young sporophylls of C. chingii emphasizes their role in the development of heteroblastic leaves. Through gene coexpression analysis, we identified highly divergent expressions of expansin genes both within and between species.The specific regulatory interactions and accompanying expression patterns of expansin genes are associated with variations in leaf shapes between sporophylls and trophophylls.
Nelumbo lutea (American lotus) has a broad and changing geographical distribution that is influenced by human transplanting and changes to climate, hydrology, and habitat. Populations vary from extensive stands where the species appears to be an effective colonizer, to sites where the species has declined or appears to have been extirpated. Previous studies in apparently stable populations from central and southern United States revealed low genetic diversity within and between populations. In this study, we assess genetic diversity at the northern edge of N. lutea’s range where it is often imperiled. A total of 489 individuals in 25 populations collected in Upper Mississippi River regions in Minnesota and Wisconsin were amplified in 12 microsatellite loci. Ten microsatellite loci indicated significant deviation from Hardy Weinberg principal and were utilized for further analysis. Generally, genetic diversity was low compared to the genetic studies from southern North America. Despite low levels of genetic differentiation (Fst range; 0.003-0.059), structure and UPGMA analysis indicated the possibility of two distinctive clusters and slight admixture in some populations. Initial low genetic diversity in populations was likely caused by founder effect if few individuals established at each site. Limited migration and clonal growth contribute to the continued low diversity. We provide recommendations and research suggestions for conservation of this species.
Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) via subxiphoid incision may be superior in resection of multiple lung nodules.Outcomes of robot-assisted one-stage bilateral lobectomy or segmentectomy via intercostal and subxiphoid incisions for multiple ground-glass opacities were analysed.Total 36 cases were analysed in this study. Thirteen cases had bilateral lobectomy + segmentectomy, 15 cases underwent bilateral segmentectomies, and 8 cases underwent lobectomy + segmentectomy + wedge resection. The average intraoperative blood loss was 110.2 ± 57.8 mL, operation time was 154 ± 64.2 min, thoracic draining time was 2.6 ± 3.2 days, and postoperative hospital stay was 4.8 ± 3.3 days. Three patients had atrial fibrillation and 3 patients had continuous air leakage for over 3 days, but there was no death or postoperative pain.Robot-assisted one-stage bilateral resection of multiple lung nodules through combination of intercostal and subxiphoid incision as a utility port is safe and reliable.
Platinum is a commonly used drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). The aim of the current study was to design and construct a risk score system for predicting the prognosis of patients with OC receiving platinum chemotherapy. The mRNA sequencing data and copy number variation (CNV) information (training set) of patients with OC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A validation set, GSE63885, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and CNV genes (DECNs) between platinum‑resistant and platinum‑sensitive groups were identified using the limma package. The intersection between DEGs and DECNs were selected. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the genes and clinical factors associated with prognosis. Risk score system assessment and nomogram analysis were performed using the survival and rms packages in R. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to identify the enriched pathways in high and low risk score groups. From 1,144 DEGs and 1,864 DECNs, 48 genes that occurred in the two datasets were selected. A total of six independent prognostic genes (T‑box transcription factor T, synemin, tektin 5, growth differentiation factor 3, solute carrier family 22 member 3 and calcium voltage‑gated channel subunit α1 C) and platinum response status were revealed to be associated with prognosis. Based on the six independent prognostic genes, a risk score system was constructed and assessed. Nomogram analysis revealed that the patients with the sensitive status and low risk scores had an improved prognosis. Furthermore, the current study revealed that the 574 DEGs identified were involved in eight pathways, including chemokine signaling pathway, toll‑like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine‑cytokine receptor interaction, RIG I like receptor signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, apoptosis, T cell receptor signaling pathway and Fc ε receptor 1 signaling pathway. The six‑mRNA risk score system designed in the present study may be used as prognosis predictor in patients with OC, whereas the nomogram may be valuable for identifying patients with OC who may benefit from platinum chemotherapy.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant cancer, and over 70% of patients with SCLC present with the metastatic disease. We aimed to explore some novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) or microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with the lymph node metastasis of SCLC.The DEGs between the metastasis and cancer groups were identified, and GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses for these DEGs were implemented. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction network and subnetwork of module were constructed. Then the regulatory networks based on miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs) and target DEGs were constructed. Ultimately, the survival analysis for DEGs was performed to obtain the DEGs related to the survival of SCLC.Here, 186 upregulated (e.g., GSR, HCP5) and 144 downregulated DEGs (e.g., MET, GRM8, and DACH1) were identified between the SCLC patients with lymph node metastasis and without lymph node metastasis. GRM8 was attracted to the G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. Besides, miR-126 was identified in the miRNAs-TFs-target regulatory network. GRM8 and DACH1 were all regulated by miR-126. In particular, GSR and HCP5 were correlated with survival of SCLC patients.MiR-126, DACH1, GRM8, MET, GSR, and HCP5 were implicated in the lymph node metastasis process of SCLC.
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