Walter Baumgartner

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

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Ramūnas Antanaitis

Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

Vida Juozaitienė

Vytautas Magnus University

Dovilė Malašauskienė

Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

J. L. Khol

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Mindaugas Televičius

Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

Ludwig Koehler

Czech Academy of Sciences, Oriental Institute

Mingaudas Urbutis

Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

Sonja Franz

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Karina Džermeikaitė

Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

R. Krametter‐Froetscher

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Cooperative Institutions

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

164

University of Vienna

University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation

University of Veterinary Medicine

Leipzig University

Lithuanian University of Health Sciences

University of Zurich

Freie Universität Berlin

University Hospital of Zurich

Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety

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Preliminary Experiment Using Sensors for Cow Health Monitoring after Surgical Treatment for the Left Displacement of the Abomasum

Sensors (2020)

Ramūnas Antanaitis Vida Juozaitienė Mindaugas Televičius Dovilė Malašauskienė Mantvydas Merkis

The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of two surgical techniques regarding cow respiratory rates, heart rates, and rumination time using two sensors: an experimental device created by the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania) and the Hi-Tag rumination monitoring system (SCR) produced by SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel. The cows were divided into two groups: the PA1 group, containing cows treated by percutaneous abomasopexy (n = 10), and the RSO2 group, containing cows treated by right side omentopexy (n = 8). For the control group (KH), according to the principle of analogs (number of lactations, breed, and days in milk), we selected clinically healthy cows (n = 9). After the surgical treatment for the abomasal displacement, the experimental device was applied for the recording of the heart and breathing rates, 12 h tracking of the rumination time was implemented using the SCR, and the body temperature was measured. After 12 h, the blood was taken for biochemical and morphological tests. With the help of experimental sensors, we found that the more efficient abomasal displacement surgical method was the right side omentopexy: During the first 12 h after right side omentopexy, we found a 5.19 beats/min lower (1.10 times lower) average value of the respiratory rate, a 1.13 times higher level of the heart rate, a 0.15 °C higher temperature, and a 3.29 times lower rumination time compared to the clinically healthy cows. During the first 12 h after percutaneous abomasopexy, we found a 5.19 beats/min higher (1.07 times) average value of heart rate, a 0.02 °C higher temperature, a 6.21 times lower rumination time, and a 0.12 beats/min lower (1.01 times lower) average value of respiratory rate compared to the clinically healthy cows.

Respiratory Rate

10.3390/s20164416

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Identification of Risk Factors for Lameness Detection with Help of Biosensors

Agriculture (2021)

Ramūnas Antanaitis Vida Juozaitienė Gediminas Urbonavičius Dovilė Malašauskienė Mindaugas Televičius

In this study we hypothesized that the lameness of early lactation dairy cows would have an impact on inline biomarkers, such as rumination time (RT), milk fat (%), milk protein (%), milk fat/protein ratio (F/P), milk lactose (L, %), milk electrical conductivity of all udder quarters, body weight (BW), temperature of reticulorumen content (TRR), pH of reticulorumen content (pH), and walking activity (activity). All 30 lame cows (LCs) used in this experiment had a score of 3–4, identified according to the standard procedure of Sprecher et al. The 30 healthy cows (HC) showed a lameness score of one. RT, milk fat, MY, milk protein, F/P, L, milk electrical conductivity of all udder quarters, and BW were registered using Lely Astronaut® A3 milking robots each time the cow was being milked. The TRR, cow activity, and pH of the contents of each cow’s reticulorumen were registered using specific smaXtec boluses. The study lasted a total of 28 days. Days “−14” to “−1” denote the days of the experimental period before the onset of clinical signs of lameness (day “0”), and days “1” to “13” indicate the period after the start of treatment. We found that from the ninth day before the diagnosis of laminitis until the end of our study, LCs had higher milk electrical conductivity in all udder quarters, and higher milk fat to protein ratios. On the 3rd day before the onset of clinical signs of the disease until the day of diagnosis, the milk fat of the LC group was reduced. The activity of the LCs decreased sharply from the second day to the first day after treatment. RT in the HC group tended to decrease during the experiment. pH in LCs also increased on the day of the appearance of clinical signs.

Udder

Laminitis

Milking

10.3390/agriculture11070610

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Influence of Calving Ease on In-Line Milk Lactose and Other Milk Components

Animals (2021)

Ramūnas Antanaitis Vida Juozaitienė Dovilė Malašauskienė Mindaugas Televičius Mingaudas Urbutis

The aim of our study was to determine how the ease of calving of cows may influence changes in lactose concentration and other milk components and whether these two factors correlate with each other. To achieve this, we compared data of calving ease scores and average percentage of in-line registered milk lactose and other milk components. A total of 4723 dairy cows from nine dairy farms were studied. The cows were from the second to the fourth lactation. All cows were classified according to the calving ease: group 1 (score 1)—no problems; group 2 (score 2)—slight problems; group 3 (score 3)—needed assistance; group 4 (score 4)—considerable force or extreme difficulty. Based on the data from the milking robots, during complete lactation we recorded milk indicators: milk yield MY (kg/day), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), lactose (ML), milk fat/lactose ratio (MF/ML), milk protein/lactose ratio (MP/ML), milk urea (MU), and milk electrical conductivity (EC) of all quarters of the udder. According to the results, we found that cows that had no calving difficulties, also had higher milk lactose concentration. ML > 4.7% was found in 58.8% of cows without calving problems. Cows with more severe calving problems had higher risk of mastitis (SCC and EC). Our data indicates that more productive cows have more calving problems compared to less productive ones.

Milking

Udder

10.3390/ani11030842

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Effects of Lameness on Milk Yield, Milk Quality Indicators, and Rumination Behaviour in Dairy Cows

Agriculture (2025)

Karina Džermeikaitė Justina Krištolaitytė Lina Anskienė Greta Šertvytytė Gabija Lembovičiūtė

This study investigates the relationship between lameness, milk composition, and rumination behaviour in dairy cows by leveraging sensor-based data for automated monitoring. Lameness was found to significantly impact both rumination and milk production. Lameness was assessed in 24 multiparous Holstein dairy cows throughout early lactation (up to 100 days postpartum), utilising a 1-to-5 scale. Lameness was found to significantly impact both rumination and milk production. On the day of diagnosis, rumination time decreased by 26.64% compared to the pre-diagnosis period (p < 0.01) and by 26.06% compared to healthy cows, indicating the potential of rumination as an early health indicator. The milk yield on the day of diagnosis was 28.10% lower compared to pre-diagnosis levels (p < 0.01) and 40.46% lower than healthy cows (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that lameness manifests prior to clinical signs, affecting productivity and welfare. Milk composition was also influenced, with lame cows exhibiting altered fat (+0.68%, p < 0.05) and lactose (−2.15%, p < 0.05) content compared to healthy cows. Positive correlations were identified between rumination time and milk yield (r = 0.491, p < 0.001), while negative correlations were observed between milk yield and milk fat, protein, and the fat-to-protein ratio (p < 0.001). Additionally, lameness was associated with elevated somatic cell counts in the milk, although sample size limitations necessitate further validation. This study highlights the critical role of rumination and milk performance metrics in identifying subclinical lameness, emphasising the utility of automated systems in advancing dairy cow welfare and productivity. The findings underscore the importance of early detection and management strategies to mitigate the economic and welfare impacts of lameness in dairy farming.

Dairy industry

Cheesemaking

10.3390/agriculture15030286

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Prediction of Reproductive Success in Multiparous First Service Dairy Cows by Parameters from In-Line Sensors

Agriculture (2021)

Ramūnas Antanaitis Vida Juozaitienė Dovilė Malašauskienė Mindaugas Televičius Mingaudas Urbutis

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship of different parameters from an automatic milking system (AMS) with the pregnancy status of multiparous cows at first service and to assess the accuracy of such a follow-up with regard to blood parameters. Before the insemination of cows, blood samples for measuring biochemical indices were taken from the coccygeal vessels and the concentrations of blood serum albumin (ALB), cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) were determined. From oestrus day to seven days after oestrus, the following parameters were registered: milk yield (MY), electric milk conductivity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB). The pregnancy status was evaluated using ultrasound “Easy scan” 30–35 days after insemination. Cows were grouped by reproductive status: PG− (non-pregnant; n = 48) and PG+ (pregnant; n = 44). The BHB level in PG− cows was 1.2 times higher (p < 0.005). The electrical conductivity of milk was statistically significantly higher in all quarters of PG− cows (1.07 times) than of PG+ cows (p < 0.05). The arithmetic mean of blood GGT was 1.61 times higher in PG− cows and the NEFA value 1.23 times higher (p < 0.05) compared with the PG+ group. The liver function was affected, the average ALB of PG− cows was 1.19 times lower (p < 0.05) and the AST activity was 1.16 times lower (p < 0.05) compared with PG+ cows. The non-pregnant group had a negative energy balance demonstrated by high in-line milk BHB and high blood NEFA concentrations. We found a greater number of cows with cortisol >0.0.75 mg/dL in the non-pregnant group. A higher milk electrical conductivity in the non-pregnant cows pointed towards a greater risk of mastitis while higher GGT activities together with lower albumin concentrations indicated that the cows were more affected by oxidative stress.

NEFA

Milking

10.3390/agriculture11040334

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Citations (2)

[Early diagnosis of metabolic diseases in high-yield cattle].

PubMed (1979)

Walter Baumgartner

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[Efficacy of Colivet in the treatment of piglet diarrhea].

PubMed (1972)

Walter Baumgartner

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[Risks of intravenous injection into the tail of cattle].

PubMed (1989)

G Schlerka Walter Baumgartner U Galle

Since several years collecting blood from the tail vessels in bovine practice gained a wider range of propagation. Recently veterinarians tried to inject drugs intravenously into the tail vessels of the bovine tail. Therefore we carried out anatomical studies concerning the position of the blood vessels of the bovine tail. 24 tails of slaughtered cattle, which were of different breeds and age (1-4 years old), were examined in respect to the course of their arteries and veins as well on the ventral side. By means of necropsy, frozen cross sections, corrosion anatomy and radiography the position of the tail vessels to each other were compared. In the area of the 2nd to 7th coccygeal vertebra the position of the arteries and veins were being determined. Following results were obtained: 1. The A. cocc. med. runs always ventral in the midline of the tail. 2. The number of ventral veins proximal on the tail varies from 1 to 3. 3. The course of the Vena(ae) cocc. mediana(ae) in the tail region examined is inconstant. The vein lies either left, right, dorsal or ventral of the A. cocc. med. The vein can also cross the area. 4. In 8 of 19 examined cases the V. cocc. med. was closely left to the artery (area of the 5th coccygeal vertebra). After radiologic examination it can be stated that this region can be used for collecting blood of the V. cocc. med. In case of intravenous application of considerable amounts of drugs into the vein of the tail a certain portion can get easily into the closely attached artery and severe complications, as necrosis of the tail can occur. Therefore our clinic recommends generally the use of the Vena jugularis externa for intravenous injection.

Tail vein

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Überprüfung eines Schnelltestsystems zur Erfassung der Betahydroxybutyrat-Konzentration im Blut von Milchkühen

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G Großtiere / Nutztiere (2021)

Teja Snedec Kirsten Theinert Fabian Pietsch Anne-Sophie Leonhardt Marián Kadaši

Zusammenfassung Ziel Das vermehrte Auftreten von Ketose in der Transitphase bei Milchkühen verursacht hohe ökonomische Verluste. Die frühzeitige Identifizierung betroffener Tiere bereits im subklinischen Stadium ermöglicht, die Erkrankungshäufigkeit zu reduzieren und Verluste zu vermeiden. Ziel der Studie war, die Eignung eines mobilen Testgeräts zur Analyse der Betahydroxybutyrat-Konzentration (BHB-Konzentration) in der praktischen Anwendung zu prüfen. Darüber hinaus sollten die mit diesem Gerät gemessenen BHB-Konzentrationen mit denen verglichen werden, die mit einer Laborreferenzmethode aus dem Blut der V. jugularis ermittelt wurden. Material und Methoden Bei 81 Milchkühen wurde zu 7 Zeitpunkten (14 und 7 Tage a. p. sowie 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 Tage p. p.) Blut für die Analyse der BHB-Konzentration entnommen. Zur Messung im Labor mit einer kinetisch-enzymatischen Methode diente Blut aus der V. jugularis und V. oder A. coccygea mediana, zur Messung mit dem Gerät WellionVet BELUA Blut aus der V. oder A. coccygea mediana sowie Kapillarblut (gewonnen am Übergang der Haut zur Schleimhaut an der Vulva). Ergebnisse Anfängliche Anwendungsfehler bei der Bedienung des Geräts konnten mit Training abgestellt werden. Bei den Analyseergebnissen im Labor lagen die BHB-Konzentrationen aus dem Blut der V. jugularis um 0,07 mmol/l niedriger als die in Blut aus der V. oder A. coccygea mediana. Die mit dem Testgerät ermittelten BHB-Konzentrationen in Proben der V. oder A. coccygea mediana lagen um 0,13 mmol/l niedriger und die im Kapillarblut um 0,12 mmol/l niedriger als die im Labor aus dem Blut der V. jugularis gemessenen. Die mit dem Testgerät gemessenen BHB-Konzentrationen differierten zwischen den beiden Entnahmelokalisationen nicht signifikant. Schlussfolgerung Für die Kapillarblutentnahme eignet sich die Lokalisation am Übergang von Haut zu Schleimhaut an der Vulva. Das Gerät WellionVet BELUA liefert sofort Ergebnisse mit guter Übereinstimmung zwischen den Messwerten in Proben von verschiedenen Blutentnahmeorten wie auch im Vergleich zur Laboranalyse. Das Testsystem ist zur Anwendung in Milchviehbetrieben geeignet. Als Matrix kann sowohl Kapillarblut als auch Blut aus der V. oder A. coccygea mediana empfohlen werden.

Jugular vein

Venous blood

Ketosis

10.1055/a-1320-4203

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A meta-analysis of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) prevalences in the global cattle population

Scientific Reports (2018)

Bettina Scharnböck Franz‐Ferdinand Roch Veronika Richter Carsten Funke Clair L. Firth

A random effect meta-analysis was performed to estimate the worldwide pooled bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) prevalences of persistently infected (PI), viraemic (VI) and antibody-positive (AB) animals and herds. The meta-analysis covered 325 studies in 73 countries that determined the presence or absence of BVDV infections in cattle from 1961 to 2016. In total, 6.5 million animals and 310,548 herds were tested for BVDV infections in the global cattle population. The worldwide pooled PI prevalences at animal level ranged from low (≤0.8% Europe, North America, Australia), medium (>0.8% to 1.6% East Asia) to high (>1.6% West Asia). The PI and AB prevalences in Europe decreased over time, while BVDV prevalence increased in North America. The highest mean pooled PI prevalences at animal level were identified in countries that had failed to implement any BVDV control and/or eradication programmes (including vaccination). Our analysis emphasizes the need for more standardised epidemiological studies to support decision-makers implementing animal health policies for non-globally-regulated animal diseases.

Cattle Diseases

Herd Immunity

Animal health

10.1038/s41598-018-32831-2

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Citations (129)