The deep sea has been described as the last major ecological frontier, as much of its biodiversity is yet to be discovered and described. Beaked whales (ziphiids) are among the most visible inhabitants of the deep sea, due to their large size and worldwide distribution, and their taxonomic diversity and much about their natural history remain poorly understood. We combine genomic and morphometric analyses to reveal a new Southern Hemisphere ziphiid species, Ramari's beaked whale, Mesoplodon eueu , whose name is linked to the Indigenous peoples of the lands from which the species holotype and paratypes were recovered. Mitogenome and ddRAD-derived phylogenies demonstrate reciprocally monophyletic divergence between M. eueu and True's beaked whale ( M. mirus ) from the North Atlantic, with which it was previously subsumed. Morphometric analyses of skulls also distinguish the two species. A time-calibrated mitogenome phylogeny and analysis of two nuclear genomes indicate divergence began circa 2 million years ago (Ma), with geneflow ceasing 0.35–0.55 Ma. This is an example of how deep sea biodiversity can be unravelled through increasing international collaboration and genome sequencing of archival specimens. Our consultation and involvement with Indigenous peoples offers a model for broadening the cultural scope of the scientific naming process.
Abstract : Passive acoustic monitoring is a key enabling technology in mitigating the effects of Naval activities on sound-sensitive cetaceans. The long-term goal of this research are to obtain and disseminate critical information for the design of acoustic monitoring systems. The specific objectives of this project are as follows: (1) develop and evaluate passive acoustic detection/classification methods for click and whistle sounds produced by deep-diving toothed whales; (2) examine the relationships among diving, acoustic behavior, habitat use, and group size and their implications for the acoustic detection and density estimation of toothed whales; and (3) correlate fine-scale oceanographic parameters with the foraging behavior of tagged whales to predict habitat suitability and movement patterns. The performance of an acoustic monitoring system depends not only on the system design and operating protocol, but also on the environment in which it is used and the behavior of the animals to be detected. This project furthers a pioneering integrated study that is focused on deep-diving cetacean species of particular concern to the Navy for which scant information is available regarding acoustic detectability. Tasks within the project are as follows: tagging and acoustic recording of beaked whales and pilot whales, study of their habitat choice and deep-foraging behavior, evaluation and application of acoustic detectors, and data archiving and sharing. The field work was concentrated in two areas with coastal populations of deep-diving toothed whales in the Canary Islands: Blainville's beaked whale and Cuvier's beaked whale off the island of El Hierro, and short-finned pilot whales off the island of Tenerife. In each site, we use three techniques: wide bandwidth acoustic recording buoys, visual surveys, and suction cup attached acoustic recording tags. We also are performing habitat assays in zones previously established as consistent foraging sites for beaked and pilot whales.
AbstractA total of 313 individual common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus was photo-identified in four Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) in the western Canary Islands, Spain (El Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera and Tenerife), over a 10-year period (2001–2011). Of these, 36 individuals were resighted subsequently off two or more different islands, determined using online and conventional photo-identification catalogues. This study provides the first evidence of regular, long-distance movements undertaken by common bottlenose dolphins in the Canary Islands. Distances travelled ranged from 30 to 130 km between islands, demonstrating that the species is highly mobile within the archipelago. These results have important implications for the conservation and management of this species in this region and highlight the need to evaluate the efficiency of existing SACs and to further explore residency patterns.Keywords: marine protected areaphoto-identificationSACsite fidelity