E. Rybacki

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

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Georg Dresen

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

103

Richard Wirth

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Luiz F. G. Morales

ETH Zurich

Johannes Herrmann

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Werner Skrotzki

TU Dresden

Audrey Bonnelye

Université de Lorraine

Marco Bohnhoff

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Lei Wang

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

C.‐G. Oertel

TU Dresden

Grzegorz Kwiatek

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Cooperative Institutions

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

University of Potsdam

University of California, Berkeley

Freie Universität Berlin

Ruhr University Bochum

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Planetary Science Institute

RWTH Aachen University

TU Dresden

Centre de Géosciences

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High Temperature Deformation-Mechanism Maps for Synthetic Plagioclase Rocks

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2002)

E. Rybacki Alexandre Dimanov Junpeng Huang L. Offerhaus Georg Dresen

Deformation mechanism

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Laboratory Study on Fluid‐Induced Fault Slip Behavior: The Role of Fluid Pressurization Rate

Geophysical Research Letters (2020)

Lei Wang Grzegorz Kwiatek E. Rybacki Audrey Bonnelye Marco Bohnhoff

Abstract Understanding the physical mechanisms governing fluid‐induced fault slip is important for improved mitigation of seismic risks associated with large‐scale fluid injection. We conducted fluid‐induced fault slip experiments in the laboratory on critically stressed saw‐cut sandstone samples with high permeability using different fluid pressurization rates. Our experimental results demonstrate that fault slip behavior is governed by fluid pressurization rate rather than injection pressure. Slow stick‐slip episodes (peak slip velocity < 4 μm/s) are induced by fast fluid injection rate, whereas fault creep with slip velocity < 0.4 μm/s mainly occurs in response to slow fluid injection rate. Fluid‐induced fault slip may remain mechanically stable for loading stiffness larger than fault stiffness. Independent of fault slip mode, we observed dynamic frictional weakening of the artificial fault at elevated pore pressure. Our observations highlight that varying fluid injection rates may assist in reducing potential seismic hazards of field‐scale fluid injection projects.

Cabin pressurization

Fluid pressure

10.1029/2019gl086627

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Citations (107)

High temperature shear zone formation around material heterogeneities: effect of boundary conditions during nucleation and transient evolution

EGUGA (2019)

Livia Nardini E. Rybacki Maximilian Döhmann L. E. A. P. Morales Sascha Brune

Transient (computer programming)

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Effects of fluids on faulting within active fault zones - evidence from drill core samples recovered during the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) drilling project

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2011)

C. Janssen R. Wirth Markus Kienast Luiz Morales E. Rybacki

Scientific drilling

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Permeability of fractures in shale rocks - Influence of pressure, temperature, stress and fluid chemistry

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2020)

Johannes Herrmann E. Rybacki W. Wang Harald Milsch

Fluid pressure

Comminution

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Rheology of the lower crust: laboratory data and field observations,

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2006)

Georg Dresen Alexandre Dimanov E. Rybacki Xiong Xiao-hui T. Kenkmann

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A laboratory study on fault slip caused by fluid injection directly versus indirectly into a fault: implications for induced seismicity in EGSs

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences (2024)

Supeng Zhang Yinlin Ji Hannes Hofmann Shouding Li E. Rybacki

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs) developed by hydraulic stimulation are promising for exploiting petrothermal heat by improving fluid pathways in low-permeable geothermal reservoir rocks. However, fluid injection into the subsurface can potentially cause large seismic events by reactivating pre-existing faults, which is a significant barrier to EGSs. The management of injection-induced seismicity is, therefore, essential for the success of EGSs. During the hydraulic stimulation of an EGS, fluid can be injected into a fault zone or into the rock matrix containing pre-existing faults adjacent to the injection well. The differences in hydromechanical responses between fluid injection into and adjacent to a fault have not been investigated in detail. Here, we performed triaxial fluid injection experiments involving injecting fluid directly and indirectly into a fault in granite rock samples to analyse the distinct hydromechanical responses and estimate the injection-induced seismicity in both cases. Our results suggest that in addition to directly injecting fluid into a critically stressed fault, injecting into nearly intact granite adjacent to the fault could also cause injection-induced seismic hazards owing to the high fluid pressure required to create new fractures in the granite matrix. It is, therefore, important to carefully identify pre-existing faults within tight reservoirs to avoid injecting fluid adjacent to them. Additionally, once prior unknown faults are delineated during hydraulic stimulation, appropriate shut-in strategies should be implemented immediately to mitigate seismic risks. This article is part of the theme issue 'Induced seismicity in coupled subsurface systems'.

Fluid pressure

Injection well

Geomechanics

10.1098/rsta.2023.0186

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Experimental Insights Into Fault Reactivation and Stability of Carrara Marble Across the Brittle–Ductile Transition

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (2024)

L. L. Niu Yongsheng Zhou Tongbin Shao Lei Wang Xiwei Xu

Abstract Little is known about the impact of pressure ( P ) and temperature ( T ) on faulting behavior and the transition to fault locking under high P–T conditions. Using a Paterson gas‐medium apparatus, triaxial compression experiments were conducted on Carrara marble (CM) samples containing a saw‐cut interface at ∼40° to the vertical axis at a constant axial strain rate of ∼1 × 10 −5 s −1 , P = 30–150 MPa and T = 20–600°C. Depending on the P–T conditions, we observed the complete spectrum of deformation behavior, including macroscopic (shear) failure, stable sliding, unstable stick‐slip, and bulk deformation with locked faults. Macroscopic failure and stable sliding were limited to P < 100 MPa and T = 20°C. In contrast, at P ≥ 100 MPa or T ≥ 500°C, faults were locked, and samples with bulk deformation experienced strain hardening at strains ≤8.8%. At T = 100–400°C and P ≤ 100 MPa, we observed unstable stick‐slip behavior, where both fault reactivation stress and subsequent stress drop increased with increasing pressure and temperature, associated with increasing matrix deformation and less fault slip. Microstructures indicate a mixture of microcracking, twinning and dislocation activity (e.g., kinking and undulatory extinction) that depends on P–T conditions and peak stress. The transition from slip to lock‐up with increasing pressure and temperature is induced by an enhanced contribution of crystal plastic deformation. Our results show that fault reactivation and stability in CM are significantly influenced by P–T conditions, probably limiting the nucleation of earthquakes to a depth of a few kilometers in calcite‐dominated faults.

Brittleness

10.1029/2023jb028364

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Citations (1)

What controls the mechanical properties of shale rocks? – Part II: Brittleness

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering (2016)

E. Rybacki T. Meier Georg Dresen

Brittleness

10.1016/j.petrol.2016.02.022

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Citations (291)

Injection-induced fault slip and associated seismicity in the lab: Insights from source mechanisms, local stress states and fault geometry

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2023)

Lei Wang Grzegorz Kwiatek Marco Bohnhoff E. Rybacki Georg Dresen

Probing source mechanisms of natural and induced earthquakes is a powerful tool to unveil associated rupture kinematics. The source processes of failure and slip instability driven by stress loading are affected by fault geometry, but the source ruptures of injection-induced seismicity in relation to fault structures and local stress states remain poorly understood. We have conducted a series of fault reactivation and slip experiments on sandstone samples containing faults with different surface roughness (smooth saw-cut fault and fractured rough fault). We impose progressive fluid injection to induce fault slip, and simultaneously monitor the associated acoustic emission (AE) activity. Using high-resolution AE recordings, we perform full moment tensor inversion of all located AE sources, and investigate the changes of AE source characteristics associated with induced fault slip and their relation to fault roughness. For the complex and rough fault, we observe significant non-double-couple components of AE sources and a high degree of focal mechanism heterogeneity. The temporal changes of AE mechanisms associated with injection-induced fault slip on the smooth fault reveal increasing proportions of double-couple components and decreasing variability of AE focal mechanisms when approaching the onset of slip events. The observed inconsistency between the nodal planes of AE sources and the macroscopic fault plane orientation is attributed to the development of secondary fracture networks surrounding the principal slip surface. We analyze changes in the magnitude-frequency characteristics and source mechanisms of AEs with fault-normal distance, showing that for the smooth (mature) fault, Gutenberg–Richter b-value of on-fault seismicity is lower and focal mechanisms are less heterogeneous, compared to off-fault seismicity. Our results emphasize the important role of roughness-related changes in local fault geometry and associated stress heterogeneity for source mechanisms and rupture kinematics of injection-induced seismicity.

Acoustic Emission

Fault plane

10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118515

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Citations (15)