The process of event-building---i.e gathering and associating data from multiple sensors or sub-detectors that arises from a common physical event---is used in many fields, including high-energy physics and gamma-ray astronomy. The problem of fault tolerance in event-building is a difficult one, and one that becomes increasingly difficult with higher data throughput rates and increasing numbers of sub-detectors. We draw on biological self-assembly models in the development of a novel event-building paradigm that treats each packet of data from an individual sensor or sub-detector as if it were a molecule in solution. Bonds (analogous to chemical bonds) are defined between data packets using metadata-based discriminants. A database, which plays the role of a beaker of solution, quasi-randomly and continually selects pairs of assemblies to test for bonds, allowing single tiles and small assemblies to aggregate into larger assemblies. During this process higher-quality associations supersede spurious ones. The database thereby becomes fluid, dynamic, and self-annealing rather than static. We will describe lessons learned from early prototypes of the fluid database as well as future directions.

Spurious relationship

10.22323/1.282.0930

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INVESTIGATING THE TeV MORPHOLOGY OF MGRO J1908+06 WITH VERITAS

The Astrophysical Journal (2014)

E. Aliu S. Archambault T. Aune B. Behera M. Beilicke

We report on deep observations of the extended TeV gamma-ray source MGRO J1908+06 made with the VERITAS very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray observatory. Previously, the TeV emission has been attributed to the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) of the Fermi-LAT pulsar PSR J1907+0602. We detect MGRO J1908+06 at a significance level of 14 standard deviations (14 sigma) and measure a photon index of 2.20 +/- 0.10_stat +/- 0.20_sys. The TeV emission is extended, covering the region near PSR J1907+0602 and also extending towards SNR G40.5--0.5. When fitted with a 2-dimensional Gaussian, the intrinsic extension has a standard deviation of sigma_src = 0.44 +/- 0.02 degrees. In contrast to other TeV PWNe of similar age in which the TeV spectrum softens with distance from the pulsar, the TeV spectrum measured near the pulsar location is consistent with that measured at a position near the rim of G40.5--0.5, 0.33 degrees away.

Pulsar wind nebula

10.1088/0004-637x/787/2/166

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Citations (28)

VTSCat: The VERITAS Catalog of Gamma-Ray Observations

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2022)

W. Benbow A. Brill J. H. Buckley M. Capasso Jessie L. Christiansen

VTSCat is the catalog of high-level data products from all publications of the VERITAS collaboration. Most recent versions of VTSCat are available through https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6988967 The VTSCat data collection contains: high-level data like spectral flux points, light curves, spectral fits in human- and machine-readable yaml and ecsv file format tabled data like upper limits tables from dark matter searches or results on the extragalactic background in ecsv file format sky maps (wherever available) in FITS file format The data collection contains results from gamma-ray measurements only. This is a pre-release for testing and early publications. A forthcoming research note will provide more details on the catalog. Please check the README file and all documentation linked to the README. VTSCat supplements the HEASARC catalogue of VERITAS results (to be published). VTSCat is inspired and derived from gamma-cat. If you are a previous VERITAS author and would like to be associated with this repository, please send an email to G. Maier. Access: GitHub: https://github.com/VERITAS-Observatory/VERITAS-VTSCat References: VERITAS: https://veritas.sao.arizona.edu/ VER Dictionary of Nomenclature: https://cds.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/Dic-Simbad?/17350620

10.5281/zenodo.6163391

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<title>Detection of energy deposition down to the keV region using liquid xenon scintillation</title>

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (1993)

P. Benetti E. Calligarich R. Dolfini A. Gigli Berzolari Francesco Mauri

A possible method for WIMPs detection using liquid xenon scintillation is discussed. Background from cosmic and radioactive gamma rays at energies down to the keV region can be easily rejected by requiring the presence of proportional scintillation. The results from a basic test are presented and a prototype detector design is proposed.

Liquid Scintillation Counting

Deposition

10.1117/12.161382

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Argon purification in the liquid phase

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment (1993)

P. Cennini Sergio Cittolin L. Dumps A. Placci J.-P. Revol

Liquid phase

10.1016/0168-9002(93)91209-6

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Citations (34)

Citizen science and the exploration of solar data

Sophie Musset Lindsay Glesener Ramana Sankar L. Fortson P. Jol

Citizen science provides a way to analyze large and complex data sets, complementary to contemporary tools such as machine learning. Indeed, while trained algorithms excel in the task they are trained for, humans can spot outliers and make serendipitous discoveries. With recent and new instruments, we are able to observe the Sun and the heliosphere at high cadence and high resolution, providing large amounts of data, revealing complexity in the observed features, and leading to the discovery of new features on small scales. We will present how citizen science, while still under-utilized in solar and heliospheric physics, is particularly adapted to explore, and analyze solar data sets. The “Solar Jet Hunter”, a citizen science project launched one year ago to build a catalog of coronal jets, will be presented as an example, and other science cases for which citizen science is the most adequate tool will be highlighted. Finally, the opportunities raised by citizen science to create strong relationships between academia and society will be discussed.

Citizen Science

Heliosphere

10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12289

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VTSCat: The VERITAS Catalog of Gamma-Ray Observations

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2023)

A. Acharyya C. B. Adams A. Archer P. Bangale J. T. Bartkoske

VTSCat is the catalog of high-level data products from all publications of the VERITAS collaboration. The VTSCat data collection contains: high-level data like spectral flux points, light curves, spectral fits in human and machine-readable yaml and ecsv file format tabled data like upper limits tables from dark matter searches or results on the extragalactic background in ecsv file format sky maps (wherever available) in FITS file format A detailed description of VTSCat can be found in A. Acharyya et al 2023 Res. Notes AAS 7 6. Please check also the README file and all documentation linked to the README. VTSCat supplements the HEASARC catalogue of VERITAS results, accessible through this link. VTSCat is inspired and derived from gamma-cat. If you are a previous VERITAS author and would like to be associated with this repository, please send an email to G. Maier. Access: GitHub: https://github.com/VERITAS-Observatory/VERITAS-VTSCat HEASARC: https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/verimaster.html References: https://veritas.sao.arizona.edu/ VER Dictionary of Nomenclature: https://cds.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/Dic-Simbad?/17350620 GitHub: https://github.com/VERITAS-Observatory/VERITAS-VTSCat HEASARC: https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/all/verimaster.html Research note A. Acharyya et al 2023 Res. Notes AAS 7 6; see also arXiv:2301.04498 ICRC 2021 proceedings: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.06424

10.5281/zenodo.7593951

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The On-Site Analysis of the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019) (2016)

A. Bulgarelli V. Fioretti A. Zoli A. Aboudan Juan José Rodríguez-Vázquez

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory will be one of the largest ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray observatories. The On-Site Analysis will be the first CTA scientific analysis of data acquired from the array of telescopes, in both northern and southern sites. The On-Site Analysis will have two pipelines: the Level-A pipeline (also known as Real-Time Analysis, RTA) and the level-B one. The RTA performs data quality monitoring and must be able to issue automated alerts on variable and transient astrophysical sources within 30 seconds from the last acquired Cherenkov event that contributes to the alert, with a sensitivity not worse than the one achieved by the final pipeline by more than a factor of 3. The Level-B Analysis has a better sensitivity (not be worse than the final one by a factor of 2) and the results should be available within 10 hours from the acquisition of the data: for this reason this analysis could be performed at the end of an observation or next morning. The latency (in particular for the RTA) and the sensitivity requirements are challenging because of the large data rate, a few GByte/s. The remote connection to the CTA candidate site with a rather limited network bandwidth makes the issue of the exported data size extremely critical and prevents any kind of processing in real-time of the data outside the site of the telescopes. For these reasons the analysis will be performed on-site with infrastructures co-located with the telescopes, with limited electrical power availability and with a reduced possibility of human intervention. This means, for example, that the on-site hardware infrastructure should have low-power consumption. A substantial effort towards the optimization of high-throughput computing service is envisioned to provide hardware and software solutions with high-throughput, low-power consumption at a low-cost.

Cherenkov Telescope Array

10.22323/1.236.0763

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Citations (8)

Dark matter constraints from a joint analysis of dwarf Spheroidal galaxy observations with VERITAS

Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (2017)

S. Archambault A. Archer W. Benbow R. Bird Etienne Bourbeau

We present constraints on the annihilation cross section of weakly interacting massive particles dark matter based on the joint statistical analysis of four dwarf galaxies with VERITAS. These results are derived from an optimized photon weighting statistical technique that improves on standard imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) analyses by utilizing the spectral and spatial properties of individual photon events. We report on the results of $\ensuremath{\sim}230$ hours of observations of five dwarf galaxies and the joint statistical analysis of four of the dwarf galaxies. We find no evidence of gamma-ray emission from any individual dwarf nor in the joint analysis. The derived upper limit on the dark matter annihilation cross section from the joint analysis is $1.35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}23}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 1 TeV for the bottom quark ($b\overline{b}$) final state, $2.85\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 1 TeV for the tau lepton (${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) final state and $1.32\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}25}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 1 TeV for the gauge boson ($\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$) final state.

Dwarf spheroidal galaxy

Dwarf galaxy problem

10.1103/physrevd.95.082001

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Citations (112)

Identification of Ancient Greek Papyrus Fragments Using Genetic Sequence Alignment Algorithms

Alex C. Williams Hyrum Carroll John Wallin James H. Brusuelas L. Fortson

Papyrologists analyze, transcribe, and edit papyrus fragments in order to enrich modern lives by better understanding the linguistics, culture, and literature of the ancient world. One of their common tasks is to match an unknown fragment to a known manuscript. This is especially challenging when the fragments are damaged and contain only limited information (e.g., due to deterioration). In the last 100 years, only about 10% of the more than 500,000 fragments recovered from the Egyptian village of Oxyrhynchus have been edited. We do not know what new ancient texts might be found and what can be learned from them, but using current methods of identification this process will take in excess of 1000 years. The identification of an anonymous string of characters with a collection of known text sequences is ubiquitous in computational biology. Genes are often represented by a sequence of continuous characters, each of which denotes an amino acid. Relationships are inferred by finding multi-letter patterns shared between the anonymous sequence and a known sequence. This process is commonly referred to as genetic sequence alignment. In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology that uses modern genetic sequence alignment algorithms as a method for identifying Ancient Greek text fragments. This application will offer papyrologists and other professionals in the humanities the ability to rapidly identify severely damaged texts. This approach leverages a new form of non-contextual, multi-line text identification for the Greek language that can greatly accelerate the tedious task of transcription and identification.

Papyrus

Identification

Sequence (biology)

Ancient DNA

10.1109/escience.2014.14

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Citations (8)