Abstract Endophytic fungi are the main source of natural compounds including pigments having various industrial applications. Present study describes the production of extracellular orange-brown pigment from an endophytic fungal isolate Aspergillus sp. N11from Teucrium stocksianum. The optimum conditions for pigment production from this isolate was investigated and results showed that highest yield was observed in Potato dextrose broth, at pH 5 and 30 ℃ under shaking condition at 150 rpm for 7-10 days. The pigment was extracted in ethyl acetate and purified using column chromatography. Three different pigments were purified (yellow, light brown and orange-brown) and characterized based on Thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of purified fragments showed maximum zone of inhibition of 40 mm against S. aureus while for P. aeruginosa maximum zone of 50 mm and maximum antifungal activity of 20 mm against C. albicans . The antioxidant potential of purified pigment obtained from Aspergillus sp. N11 indicates that maximum scavenging activity of 67%. The results showed that purified pigments are astaxanthins belonging to oxygen containing carotenoids. The purified astaxanthins showed antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities indicating its potential to be utilized in pharmaceutical and food industries.
At present time, every nation is absolutely concern about increasing agricultural production and bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. Hence, with this intention in the current study potent natural surfactants characterized as lipopeptides were evaluated for low-cost production by Bacillus subtilis SNW3, previously isolated from the Fimkessar oil field, Chakwal Pakistan. The significant results were obtained by using substrates in combination (white beans powder (6% w/v) + waste frying oil (1.5% w/v) and (0.1% w/v) urea) with lipopeptides yield of about 1.17 g/L contributing 99% reduction in cost required for medium preparation. To the best of our knowledge, no single report is presently describing lipopeptide production by Bacillus subtilis using white beans powder as a culture medium. Additionally, produced lipopeptides display great physicochemical properties of surface tension reduction value (SFT = 28.8 mN/m), significant oil displacement activity (ODA = 4.9 cm), excessive emulsification ability (E24 = 69.8%), and attains critical micelle concentration (CMC) value at 0.58 mg/mL. Furthermore, biosurfactants produced exhibit excellent stability over an extensive range of pH (1-11), salinity (1-8%), temperature (20-121°C), and even after autoclaving. Subsequently, produced lipopeptides are proved suitable for bioremediation of crude oil (86%) and as potent plant growth-promoting agent that significantly (P < 0.05) increase seed germination and plant growth promotion of chili pepper, lettuce, tomato, and pea maximum at a concentration of (0.7 g/100 mL), showed as a potential agent for agriculture and bioremediation processes by lowering economic and environmental stress.
Drug researchers are currently studying the use of nanoparticles in drug delivery in great detail. In general, a medication's pharmacokinetic and tissue appropriation profiles can be changed, intracellular infiltration and appropriation can be improved, and a drug's absorption can be improved by dispersing the drug via the epithelium. The ability of nanoparticulate frameworks to tolerate physiological pressure—that is, their increased organic stability and oral conveyance plausibility—is one of their key advantages. As such, they offer a more appealing drug delivery solution than liposomes.
Abstract At present time, every nation is absolutely concern about increase agricultural production and bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Hence, with this intention in current study potent natural surfactant (surfactin) was evaluated for low-cost production by Bacillus subtilis SNW3, previously isolated from Fimkessar oil field, Chakwal Pakistan. The best results were obtained using substrates in combination (white beans powder (6% w/v) plus waste frying oil (1.5% w/v) and (0.1% w/v) urea) with surfactin production of about 1.17 g/L contributing 99% reduction in cost required for medium preparation. To the best of our knowledge, no single report is present describing surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis using white beans powder as a culture medium. Surfactin was confirmed as the principal product characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, produced surfactin display great physicochemical properties of surface tension reduction value (SFT=28.8 mN/m), significant oil displacement activity (ODA=4.9 cm), excessive emulsification ability (E24=69.8 %), and attains critical micelle concentration (CMC) value at 0.58 mg/mL. Furthermore, surfactin exhibits excellent stability over an extensive range of pH (1-11), salinity (1-8%), temperature (20-121°C) and even after autoclaving. Subsequently, surfactin produced proved suitable for bioremediation of crude oil (86%) and as potent plant growth-promoting agent that significantly (P<0.05) increase seed germination and plant growth promotion of chili pepper, lettuce, tomato and pea maximum at concentration of (0.7 g/100 mL), proved as potential agent for agriculture and bioremediation processes by lowering economic and environmental stress.
This study is based on phytochemical properties of L. gerardiana, as well as the pharmacological and biological activities of crude methanolic extract (Crd. MeOH Ext.) and other fractions. A range of pharmacological and biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic, were examined in Crd. MeOH Extract and different plant fractions. The results of the pharmacological and biological examinations showed that the chloroform (CHCl3) fraction had good antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi (48.0%), Bacillus cereus, Proteus merabilus (50.0%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (57.1%). Also demonstrating strong (55.5%) antibacterial activity against S. typhi was the nâhexane fraction. Low phytotoxicity was demonstrated by the plant materials at 1000 and 100μg/ml concentrations.
Abstract Background: Biosurfactants, being environment friendly, highly biodegradable, less toxic and stable compounds have applications in several environmental and industrial sectors that includes cosmetics, biomedical, bioremediation, and agriculture. Growing concern about eco-friendly compounds leads to replacement of chemical surfactants with biological surfactants. However, use of biosurfactant limits due to high production cost. Surfactin, a class of lipopeptide, considered as powerful biosurfactants having wide applications in therapeutics and environmental field. This study aims to investigate production and characterization of surfactin by Bacillus subtilis SNW3 and evaluating their potential application in seed germination and plant growth. Results: In present study, Bacillus subtilis SNW3 was previously isolated from Chakwal Pakistan and used for biosurfactant production. Optimized media for biosurfactant production was at (6% w/v) white beans powder in combination with (1.5% w/v) waste frying oil and (0.1% w/v) urea that shows surface tension reduction (28.8 mN/m), oil displacement assay (4.9 cm) and emulsification index (69.8 %). Environmental growth parameters like temperature (30 °C), inoculum size (1%), pH (6) and agitation (150 rpm) exhibit important role towards enhanced biosurfactant yield. Furthermore, surfactin obtained was found to be most stable at (5-7) pH, (8%) NaCl and (100 °C) temperature. Biosurfactant obtained was of lipopeptide nature called surfactin characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surfactin obtained, used in a concentration of (0.7 g/100 mL) helps in seed germination and significantly enhanced growth of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) , Pisum sativum (pea) , Capsicum annuum (peppers) and Lactuca sativa (lettuce). Conclusions: Bacillus subtilis SNW3 produces surfactin with more stability, that makes it useful for processing of food and in agriculture. The use of white beans powder and waste frying oil as sole source of carbon and energy makes the biosurfactant production more profitable, and environment friendly procedure by utilizing food processing by-products and wastes as substrate. Results obtained provide understanding about surfactin use for seed development and plant growth.
Crude ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi MOL1 and MOL3 of Moringa oliefera was taken to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.100mg/kg of MOL1 the values of body weight from 1.42±0.09 decreased to 1.18±0.075 while 200mg/kg of extract reduced body weight from 1.36±0.15 to 1.11±0.132. 100 mg/kg of MOL1 treatment on 15th day showed that the BGL count was decreased from 390.2±10.9 to 200.5±7.65. At a concentration of 200 mg/kg reduced BGL count was 195.5±7.69 from 382.7±15.3. 100mg/kg MOL3 treatment decreased weight to 1.21±0.09 from 1.49±0.08 and 200mg/kg reduced body weight from 1.39±0.18 to 1.11±0.075. In group#4, which received 100 mg/kg body weight of MOL3, the BGL count on the 15th day was 387.4±6.80 and after 1 hour of post-treatment it decreased to 184.4±44.0. MOL3 concentration of 200 mg/kg reduced BGL from 410.4±45.67 to 211.6±33.33 after 3 hours of post-treatment it decreased to 180.3±34.1.
Cholesterol is a waxy substance present in all types of the body cells. The presence of higher concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is characterized by abnormal cholesterol level and is associated with cardiovascular diseases which lead to the development of atheroma in arteries known as atherosclerosis. The transformation of cholesterol by bacterial cholesterol oxidase can provide a key solution for the treatment of diseases related to cholesterol and its oxidized derivatives. Previously isolated bacteria from oil-contaminated soil were screened for cholesterol degradation. Among fourteen, five isolates were able to utilize cholesterol. Two strains Serratia marcescens W1 and Bacillus pumilus W8 using cholesterol as only carbon and energy source were selected for degradation studies. Several parameters (incubation time, substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and different metal ions) for cholesterol decomposition by the selected bacterial strains were evaluated. Maximum cholesterol reduction was achieved on the5thday of incubation, 1g/L of substrate concentration, pH 7, in the presence of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions, and at 35°C. Cholesterol degradation was analyzed by enzymatic colorimetric method, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Under optimized conditions 50% and 84% cholesterol reduction were recorded with Serratia marcescens W1 and Bacillus pumilus W8, respectively. Cholesterol oxidase activity was assayed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results revealed that Serratia marcescens W1 and Bacillus pumilus W8 have great potential for cholesterol degradation and would be regarded as a source for cholesterol oxidase (CHO).
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