Summary Advances in bioelectronics have great potential to address unsolvable biomedical problems in the cardiovascular system. By using poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLC) that encapsulates the liquid metal to make flexible and bio-degradable electrical circuitry, we develop an electronic blood vessel that can integrate flexible electronics with three layers of blood vessel cells, to mimic and go beyond the natural blood vessel. It can improve the endothelization process through electrical stimulation and can enable controlled gene delivery into specific part of the blood vessel via electroporation. The electronic blood vessel has excellent biocompatibility in the vascular system and shows great patency three months post-implantation in a rabbit model. The electronic blood vessel would be an ideal platform to enable diagnostics and treatments in the cardiovascular system and can greatly empower personalized medicine by creating a direct link of vascular tissue-machine interface.
Objective
To investigate the dynamic changes of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules including glucose regulated protein (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and caspase-12 in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats and explore its mechanisms.
Methods
Rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC) and diabetes mellitus group (DM) that were induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozocin after 4 weeks of high-fat chow feeding. Sciatic nerves were isolated for three times at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes. The expressions of GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were detected with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. The morphology of sciatic nerve was investigated with electron microscope.
Results
With the extension of the course, demyelinating and axonal injury appeared in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. The expressions of GRP78 mRNA and protein in DM group were significantly higher than NC group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after induction of diabetes(P<0.05, P<0.01). The expressions of CHOP mRNA and protein in DM group were significantly higher than NC group at 8 weeks and 12 weeks after induction of diabetes (P<0.05). The expressions of caspase-12 mRNA and protein in DM group were significantly higher than NC group at 8 weeks after induction of diabetes(P<0.05, P<0.01).
Conclusions
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules (GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12) contributed to the peripheral nerve injury of diabetic rats, and displayed dynamic changes.
Key words:
Endoplasmic reticulum; Stress; Diabetic neuropathies/ME; Peripheral nervous system diseases/CO/ME; Membrane proteins/ME; Transcription factor CHOP/ME; Caspase 12/ME
Objective To investigate the effects of surgical trauma on synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 area in aged rats.Methods Fifty-six healthy SD rats aged 18 months were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (group C, n = 8) , anesthesia group (group A, n = 24) , and operation group (group O, n - 24) . Anesthesia was performed with intraperitoneal ketamine 40 mg/kg but no operation was carried out in group A. Anesthesia was also performed with intraperitoneal ketamine 40 mg/kg, and splenectomy was performed after loss of righting reflex in group O. Eight animals from group A and O selected on 1, 3, and 7 d after anesthesia or operation respectively underwent Morris water maze test for assessment of the cognitive function. The animals were . then decapitated. Hippocampal CA3 area was isolated for examination with electron microscope and the synaptic structure in the polymorphic layer of hippocampal CA3 area was measured. Results Compared to group C and A, the times of passing through the original platform and number of synapses were significantly reduced, the width of synaptic cleft was significantly increased, the thickness of the postsynaptic density was significantly decreased, the length of the active zones was significantly shortened, and the curvature of the synaptic interface and percentage of perforated synapses were significantly decreased at T_(1,2), ( P 0.05). Compared to group C, the latency and swimming distance were significantly prolonged at T_1 in group A and at T_(1,2) in group O ( P < 0.01) . Compared to group A, the latency at T_(1,2) and the swimming distance at T_2 were significantly prolonged in group O ( P < 0.05) . Conclusion Surgical trauma can induce early postoperative cognitive impairment through changing synaptic structure in hippocampal CA3 area in aged rats.
Key words:
Surgical procedures, operative; Wounds and injuries; Aged; Cognition disorders; Hippocampus; Synapses
Abstract Small‐diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter < 6 mm) are useful in treating cardiovascular diseases. The off‐the‐shelf small‐diameter vascular grafts for clinical applications remain a great limitation owing to their thrombogenicity or intimal hyperplasia. Herein, bilayer anticoagulant hydrogel tubes with poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PCL) sheaths are prepared by freeze‐thawing and electrospinning, which contain nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐heparin/poly‐ L ‐lysine nanoparticles tube as an inner layer and PCL sheath as an outer layer. The structure, anticoagulant property, and biocompatibility of the inner layer are studied. The effects of thickness of the outer layer on perfusion performance and mechanical property of hydrogel tubes with PCL sheaths (PCL‐NFC/PVA‐NPs tubes) are investigated. The effect of compliance of PCL‐NFC/PVA‐NPs tubes on their blood flow is studied by numerical simulation. The tissue compatibility and the patency of PCL‐NFC/PVA‐NPs tubes are evaluated by implantation in subcutaneous tissue of rats and carotid artery of rabbits. PCL‐NFC/PVA‐NPs tubes have prominent anticoagulation, sufficient burst pressure and good compliance similar to native arteries. PCL‐NFC/PVA‐NPs tubes facilitate infiltration of host cells and achieve active proliferation of recruited cells, which will be a promising candidate for small‐diameter vascular grafts.
Aim Hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in ascular endothelial cells may contribute to the acceleration of atherosclerosis associated with diabetes.This study confirmed that acylated ghrelin attenuates hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(ECV-304).Methods Morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by Acridine Orange fluorescence staining.Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometry with PI staining.Caspase-3 activity was detected by colorimetric assay.Results Exposure of ECV-304 to hyperglycemia level for 72 h significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells compared with normal glucose level,but pretreatment of ghrelin significantly attenuated hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis.Exposure to hyperglycemia-induced caspase-3 activation and ghrelin also prevented it.Conclusion Results of our study indicate that acylated ghrelin effectively inhibits apoptosis in cultured vascular endothelial cells and provide a basis for future therapeutic interventions in diabetic vascular complications.
In order to explore the relationship between local autonomous cultural and creative industries and economic and cultural upgrading, this paper uses a questionnaire survey to conduct practical investigation and analysis, and discusses the relationship between the following aspects. Local self-government, The results show that local autonomous cultural creativity can promote economic growth and improve cultural level, and there is a certain correlation between economic growth and cultural upgrading, but the correlation is poor, indicating that the impact of economic growth on cultural upgrading is indirect, and cultural upgrading and economic growth are the main factors for the development of local autonomous cultural and creative industries. Local autonomy is the main influencing factor of economic growth and cultural upgrading, and it is also a combination factor for the development of cultural and creative industries. Therefore, strengthening local autonomy, promoting economic growth, and cultural upgrading can promote the development of cultural and creative industries.
The dynamic characteristics and the control performances of Mega-Sub Controlled Structure Systems (MSCSS) is investigated in the paper. The control parameters of the structure system, such as the stiffness ratio (RD); the mass ratio of the mega-structure and sub-structure (RM) are studied and their optimal values are obtained in order to achieve better control performances when it is subjected to strong earthquake excitations. Then, trough the nonlinear elasto-plastic analysis, the effectiveness and the feasibility of the proposed MSCSS is demonstrated in reducing the displacement and acceleration responses. The study illustrates that the MSCSS presents good seismic resistance performance, which imply that structural section can be remarkably reduce and achieve to good economic characteristics.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(144 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(216 450 300)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(288 450 300)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)