Modification of magnetite nanoparticles with biomimetic poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorycholine] (poly(MPC)) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was carried out. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and zeta potential studies indicated that well defined poly (MPC) was successfully grafted on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction results showed the structure of magnetite nanoparticles after surface modification was not changed. The poly (MPC)-coated magnetite nanoparticles had a mean transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diameter of 11 +/- 1.5 nm. The resulting nanomaterials were superparamagnetic at room temperature, exhibited good colloidal stability in aqueous media and good responsibility to magnetic field. Such magnetite nanoparticles with biomimetic surface have potential application in prolonging circulation time in vivo.
Abstract The intertwining between thermal and electrical transport poses significant challenges to enhancing thermoelectric performance. Chemical doping with a single element often can optimize one of the parameters yet may deteriorate others, restricting the upper limit of ZT achievable. Multi‐element doping can address this interdependence, allowing for simultaneous optimization of electrical and thermal properties. However, a clear selection rule for multiple dopants remains unclear. Here, a stepwise strategy is shown to improve the thermoelectric performance of metavalently bonded GeTe by enhancing density‐of‐states effective mass, increasing carrier mobility, and reducing thermal conductivity. These effects are realized by continuously introducing band convergence, lattice plainification, and structural defects. Specifically, band convergence is achieved by Cd doping to reduce the energy offset between light and heavy bands. The lattice plainification is enabled by filling Ge vacancies with Cu, which improves carrier mobility. Lastly, the lattice thermal conductivity is reduced via increasing phonon scattering by point defects caused by Pb doping and nanoprecipitates associated with all these dopants. Consequently, a peak ZT of 2.2 at 773 K and an average ZT ave of 1.27 within 300–773 K are realized in Ge 0.86 Pb 0.1 Cd 0.04 Te‐2%Cu 2 Te. This work provides a synergistic strategy to modulate electron and phonon transport in metavalently bonded materials.
A Te dopant segregated along the grain boundaries as precipitates in CoSbS resulted in increased grain size, leading to unusual thermoelectric properties.
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