Abstract: Aim/Background: Whether service quality is measured by the gap between expectation and performance or by performance only. In quest of attaining answer of that query, the present research has taken an attempt to compare the efficacy of two varied orientations of service quality estimation empirically in pharmaceutical education service. Materials and Methods: We have surveyed randomly students of pharmaceutical graduation course of the six institutes. We have developed (Employing Exploratory Factor Analysis) and compared the models based on gap and performance scores with the help of indices relevant for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and validated by carrying out Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) considering overall satisfaction as dependent and all explored items for measuring service quality as independent variables. Results: We are concluding this research work with certain dialectic outcomes. The outcomes clearly state that most of the criteria of model fitting, gap and performance score-based models have manifested resemblance. However, the performance score generates a better prediction of the overall satisfaction of the respondents. On the other way round, in the context of students of ranked institutes or students having experience, gap scores predict better the student's satisfaction. Implications: Present research is an effort to unfold the answer to the longstanding debate on SERVQUAL vs. SERVPERF. Any administrator who wants service excellence may be guided by context-specific application of quality measurement. The service researchers would be familiar with new ways of research analysis in the context of model effectiveness. Values: The work is new and pioneers to employ in academic service especially in pharmaceutical education. Key words: Pharmaceutical Education, Service Quality Measurement, India, SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, Higher Education Service Quality.
A circular microstrip patch antenna with novel epsilon ( )‐shaped clusters of shorting pins (ECSP) is proposed in this paper to emphasise the improvement of cross‐polarisation (XP) suppression across different elevation planes of radiation at , 45°, 90°, and 135° rather than considering only the principal radiation planes. The near‐field approach has been adopted to understand the basic of XP radiation from the antenna. The placement of two ECSP structures symmetrically along the H‐plane of the conventional circular microstrip patch antenna (CMPA) effectively suppresses its XP radiation not only across the principal radiation planes by 57 dB at the boresight and 26 dB over the tracking angle ±45° but also across the diagonal radiation planes by 58 dB at the boresight and 2 dB over the tracking angle ±45°. A detailed analysis on the evolution of ECSP structures from arc‐shaped clusters of shorting pins (ACSP) is presented. Symmetric distribution of antenna fields in the near‐field region results in better XP suppression in the far‐field region. The proposed design offers a considerably high gain of 8 dBi at the boresight. The fabricated prototype of the proposed design shows satisfactory agreement with the simulated results.
A high gain wideband U-shaped patch antenna with two equal arms on poly tetra fluoro ethylene (PTFE) substrate is presented. An inverted U-shaped slot is introduced on the circular or square shaped ground plane just under the U-shaped patch. In this communication the effect of size and shape of the ground plane on impedance bandwidth is studied. Maximum impedance bandwidth of 86.79% (4.5-11.4 GHz) is obtained with circular shaped ground plane with diameter 36 mm. The highest gain achieved is 4.1 dBi. The simulated results are confirmed experimentally. The proposed antenna is simple in structure compared to the regular stacked or coplanar parasitic patch antennas. It is highly suitable for wireless communications.
Abstract Electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces are essential in a wide range of EM engineering applications, from incorporated into antenna designs to separate devices like radome. Near-field manipulators are a class of metasurfaces engineered to tailor an EM source’s radiation patterns by manipulating its near-field components. They can be made of all-dielectric, hybrid, or all-metal materials; however, simultaneously delivering a set of desired specifications by an all-metal structure is more challenging due to limitations of a substrate-less configuration. The existing near-field phase manipulators have at least one of the following limitations; expensive dielectric-based prototyping, subject to ray tracing approximation and conditions, narrowband performance, costly manufacturing, and polarization dependence. In contrast, we propose an all-metal wideband phase correcting structure (AWPCS) with none of these limitations and is designed based on the relative phase error extracted by post-processing the actual near-field distributions of any EM sources. Hence, it is applicable to any antennas, including those that cannot be accurately analyzed with ray-tracing, particularly for near-field analysis. To experimentally verify the wideband performance of the AWPCS, a shortened horn antenna with a large apex angle and a non-uniform near-field phase distribution is used as an EM source for the AWPCS. The measured results verify a significant improvement in the antenna’s aperture phase distribution in a large frequency band of 25%.
The coupled fields between the slots are physically analyzed for wide 3-dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) of a circularly polarized (CP) antenna. The square shaped CP antenna is decorated with a rectangular slot along one diagonal line of the patch and a pair of cross slots along another diagonal line. Dimensions of cross slots play a crucial role in adjusting the 3-dB ARBW of this CP antenna. This antenna offers the impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 83 MHz (2.443-2.526 GHz), CP bandwidth (CPBW) of 17 MHz (2.4462.463 GHz), and a maximum realizable gain of 4.28 dBic. The proposed left handed CP (LHCP) antenna exhibits wide 3-dB ARBW of 224° and 212o at φ = 0° and φ = 90° planes, respectively.
In the present scenario the service industries have gained immense importance due to the customer inclination towards it, but they are facing challenges regarding profit generation. Service industries are customer driven. Therefore, customer satisfaction and retention is the only mean to profitability. Proper implementation of Internal Marketing Orientation within the organization would develop customer orientation among the employees as they are the service delivery points and their quality of service deliveries would influence the satisfaction level of the customers to a great extent. This ultimately would enhance the profitability as well as financial performance of the company. Various studies have explored different dimensions of Internal Marketing Orientation, Customer satisfaction, and Financial Performance in isolation, and also the nature of relationships among them in the context of advanced nations. But due to the Cultural difference, studies conducted on the employees of the advanced nations might result differently if the same is executed on the employees of the developing nations like India. Hence, the present study aims at developing a comprehensive model that would explain the nature of relationship among IMO, CS and Financial Performance, especially in the context of India. For the purpose of the present work employees and customers of the selected companies from Hospitality, Healthcare, and Banking Sectors have been surveyed. A model of IMO has been developed post EFA. CFA confirms the strength of the model. Finally, Bivariate Correlation analysis has been employed to establish relationship among organization wise IMO, CS and FP values which revealed significant correlation between them. The influence of IMO on CS and Profitability of the firm has been established here. A precise model of IMO is suggested in the present study, which may encourage service industries in implementation of IMO in the future.
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