The chapter will present the integration of PCK toward the fostering of cross-disciplinary innovation within engineering. Being itself the composite of content expertise with effective teaching strategies, PCK acts as the main ingredient in developing holistic approaches to education that transcend traditional boundaries. On the basis of PCK, educators will be able to design curricula that enhance not only disciplinary-based understanding but also interdisciplinary collaboration. The chapter shares cases on how PCK-driven approaches to engineering education will let learners solve complex problems creatively and think innovatively about a wide range of contexts. It also provides strategies for embedding PCK in engineering programs through collaborative projects, interdisciplinary workshops, and experiential learning opportunities.
Polyethylene (PE) was used as a composite material to create a fabric containing 40% pineapple, 30% jute, and 30% cotton fibres by weight. The physical characterisation is carried out, like deterioration and water absorption tests. PE-based composites were shown to have a lower water absorption rate when dipped in deionized water to perform an absorption test. Fabric/PE composites decomposed slowly in the soil during the degradation test. Alkali solution of 5 percent, 7 percent, and 9 percent sodium hydroxide by weight for 60 minutes was studied as alkali impact mechanical characteristics: mechanical testing’s like tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, bending strength, and modulus. Data investigation exposed that the tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, bending strength, and composite modulus values were 64 MPa and 871 MPa, 23.14 percent, 45 MPa, and 512 MPa. There were tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, bending strength, and modulus of the neat polyethylene sheet that were 32Mpa and 342 MPa, 79 percent, 22 MPa, and 234 MPa, respectively. Compared to a polyethylene sheet, composite values for tensile strength and modulus, bending strength, and modulus raised by 107%, 156%, 110%, and 115% as a result of fabric reinforcing.
In the present scenario, the e-waste from the various electronic sectors has been increasing due to increased utilization of electric components. In this chapter, the bioleaching(biomining) process of a computer printed circuit board (CPCB) is illustrated to extract the metal components. Basic concepts for e-waste management, their impacts, and various e-waste treatment methods have been explained. The various existing conventional metal extraction methods for the wasted CPCB have also been explored. Definitions, types, cryogenic bioleaching (biomining), influencing factors, and procedures of the bioleaching process have been illustrated. The microbiological methods for the processing of e-waste, the selection of process parameters, and the optimization or maximization of metal extraction processes were demonstrated to promote the e-waste management processes.
AbstractThis research focused on using neat palm biodiesel in a diesel engine to facilitate better combustion performances and discharge minimisation. The poor engine performance characteristics of biodiesel due to incomplete combustion were rectified using the test fuel consisting of Cerium Oxide nanoparticles which functioned as a catalyst. The test was conducted by the addition of 30 and 60 ppm cerium oxide nanoparticles with one litre of palm biodiesel and its outcomes were correlated with conventional diesel as well as palm biodiesel. The test results shows that the SFC was reduced by 5.71% and 9.85%, and the BTE improved by 1.06% and 1.61% under the usage of the 30 and 60 ppm CeO2 mixed neat palm biodiesel, respectively. Also, the undesirable emissions inclusive of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were reduced extensively. The NOx was also reduced to a respectable level in the exhaust due to the addition of nanoparticles with the palm biodiesel.KEYWORDS: Thermal barrier coating (TBC)cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeO2 NPs)diesel enginecylinder liner AcknowledgementsConceptualisation, Formal analysis and investigation, Writing – original draft preparation: [K. Thiruselvam]; Writing – review and editing: [M. D. Mohan Gift.], Resources: [R. Saravananan and N. Subramonian].Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Availability of data and materialsThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Adhesive joints are widely used in industries because they have several advantages when compared to welded and riveted joints. One of the important factors is that they distribute the load and stresses uniformly over the entire bonded area providing good vibration resistance. Adhesive joints can readily bond dissimilar materials. The prediction of crack propagation validating the adhesive joint durability and toughness is a significant point, which is addressed through various experimental methodologies based on the type of loading conditions. The analysis is hindered by the unpredictable substrate and adhesive behavior due to the loading conditions, the nature of crack propagation, and the geometry. The impact of hardener resin ratio alteration is a parameter which needs to be explored in validating the joint toughness. The Double Cantilever Beam tests which are used for analyzing the fracture toughness for mode-1 loading in adhesive joints focus on adhesive thickness variation extensively. The alteration of composition and its role in influencing the crack propagation is explored in a limited perspective. An attempt is made in this work to analyse the adhesive composition variation and its impact on the joint toughness with the help of a DCB test involving three specimens incorporating variations in the hardener resin composition. The analytical and the experimental results provided significant insights on the adhesive joint toughness validation.
ABSTRACT Tackling climate change is crucial, and electrifying the vehicular transportation sector is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries are highly efficient for electric vehicles (EVs) but face challenges such as thermal management, risk of thermal runaway, and high costs of lithium and cobalt. Overcoming these challenges is vital for the widespread adoption of hybrid and EVs. To overcome this drawback, this article proposed a large‐kernel attention graph convolutional network (LKAGCN) with leaf in wind optimization algorithm (LWOA) named as LKAGCN‐LWOA technique, which enhances the thermal management of prismatic Li‐ion batteries by integrating both active and passive cooling techniques. The system incorporates phase change materials (PCMs) with porous‐filled mini‐channels to regulate battery temperature effectively. The LKAGCN analyze thermal properties, battery conditions, and PCM characteristics to predict and optimize the thermal behavior of the battery pack using LWOA. The proposed methods tune the parameters of the hybrid thermal management system, ensuring efficient thermal regulation and improved performance. The proposed method is compared to various existing methods such as convolutional neural network (CNN), Taguchi method, and Finite element model (FEM).
There are a slew of elements at work in the composites sector, from people and markets to technology and innovation, that are continually reshaping the industry's structure. For now, composite materials' winning combination of high strength-to-weight ratio continues to propel them into new areas, but other attributes are just as crucial. These properties, which may be customized for unique purposes, result in a completed product requiring fewer raw materials and fewer joints and fasteners, as well as reduced assembly times, thanks to composite materials. To lower product lifespan costs, composites also have demonstrated resilience in industrial applications to temperature extremes as well as corrosion and wear. Polymers, ceramics, and metals can all be used as matrices. Thermoplastic (TP) resin is the second most prevalent matrix type, and it is becoming increasingly popular among composite makers. By melting or softening and then chilling the material, thermoplastic linear polymer chains are generated and may be reformed into shaped solids. It is common for thermoplastics to be offered in sheet or panel form, which may be treated using in situ consolidation processes, such as pressing, to manufacture durable, near-net-shape components without the need for an autoclave or vacuum bag cure. Correcting abnormalities or fixing harm done in service is possible with reformability.
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