Heidi Peck

Peter Doherty Institute

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i-10 index

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Co-Authors

Ian Barr

Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory

Sheena G. Sullivan

University of California, Los Angeles

Yi‐Mo Deng

Peter Doherty Institute

Kanta Subbarao

University of Melbourne

Vivian Leung

Peter Doherty Institute

Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna

University of Hong Kong

Jean Moselen

The Royal Melbourne Hospital

Hilda Lau

Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory

Ammar Aziz

Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory

Sook Kwan Brown

Australian Government

Cooperative Institutions

Peter Doherty Institute

University of Melbourne

The Royal Melbourne Hospital

Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory

Monash University

University of Cambridge

Government of Western Australia Department of Health

Australian Government

Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre

University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

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The Transmission of Diphtheria by Non-Sufferers

BMJ (1895)

Heidi Peck

demonstrate any tubercle bacilli in the sections.~~~~~~~~~~.. .

10.1136/bmj.1.1792.971

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The re-emergence of influenza following the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2023)

Catherine GA Pendrey Janet Strachan Heidi Peck Ammar Aziz Jean Moselen

Abstract text Background COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures, including travel restrictions, effectively limited global circulation of influenza viruses. In Australia, travel bans for non-residents and quarantine requirements for returned travellers were eased in November 2021, providing pathways for influenza viruses to be re-introduced. Methods From 1 November 2021 to 30 April 2022 we conducted an epidemiological study to investigate the re-establishment of influenza in Victoria, Australia. We analyzed case notification data from the Victorian Department of Health to describe case demographics, interviewed the first 200 cases to establish probable routes of virus reintroduction, and examined phylogenetic and antigenic data to understand virus diversity and susceptibility to current vaccines. Results Overall, 1598 notifications and 1064 positive specimens were analyzed. The majority of cases occurred in the 15-34 year age group. Case interviews revealed a higher incidence of international travel exposure during the first month of case detections and high levels of transmission in university residential colleges associated with the return to campus. Influenza A(H3N2) was the dominant subtype, with a single lineage predominating despite multiple importations. Conclusions Enhanced testing for respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic provided a more complete picture of influenza virus transmission compared to previous seasons. Returned international travellers were important drivers of the re-emergence of influenza, as were young adults, a group whose role has previously been under-recognised in the establishment of seasonal influenza epidemics. Targeting interventions, including vaccination, to these groups could reduce influenza transmission in the future.

Pandemic

Demographics

10.1101/2023.04.02.23288053

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Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of an Influenza A(H3N2) Outbreak in Cambodia and the Greater Mekong Subregion during the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020

Journal of Virology (2021)

Jurre Y. Siegers Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna Ruopeng Xie Yi‐Mo Deng Sarika Patel

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly altered the circulation patterns of respiratory diseases worldwide and disrupted continued surveillance in many countries. Introduction of control measures in early 2020 against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a remarkable reduction in the circulation of many respiratory diseases.

Pandemic

Coronavirus

Betacoronavirus

10.1128/jvi.01267-21

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Citations (19)

Randomised trial of same vs opposite arm co-administration of inactivated influenza and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines

JCI Insight (2025)

Wen Shi Lee Kevin J. Selva Jennifer Audsley Helen E. Kent Arnold Reynaldi

BACKGROUND. The immunogenicity of current influenza vaccines need improvement. Inactivated influenza and COVID-19 mRNA vaccines can be co-administered but randomized controlled trial data is lacking on whether the two vaccines are more immunogenic if given in the same or opposite arms. Murine studies suggest mRNA vaccines can adjuvant influenza vaccines when co-formulated and delivered together.

2019-20 coronavirus outbreak

10.1172/jci.insight.187075

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An Egg-Propagated Immunizing Agent for the Control of Infectious Bronchitis of Chickens , ,

Poultry Science (1952)

Carl D. Brandt H. Van Roekel Heidi Peck

INFECTIOUS bronchitis, an economically important viral respiratory disease of chickens, has been reported in the United States, Canada, Holland, and England (Delaplane, 1949; Van Roekel et al., 1950). Drugs, inactivated virus preparations, and air sterilization procedures have been found ineffective in the prevention or cure of this disease (Delaplane and Stuart, 1939; Levine and Hofstad, 1947). Where infectious bronchitis is a serious problem in laying flocks, inoculation of immature chickens with a living virus has served as a means of control. Little information has appeared concerning the viability of bronchitis virus. Beach and Schalm (1936) reported that tracheal exudate from an affected bird, after being dried by Swift’s method and stored in a refrigerator for 180 days, produced the disease in birds. This virus mixed with 50 percent glycerin and stored in a refrigerator remained viable for 80 days. Delaplane and Stuart (1941) reported that after an egg-propagated virus had . . .

Flock

Avian infectious bronchitis

Sterilization

10.3382/ps.0311004

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Understanding the treatment benefit of hyperimmune anti-influenza intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) for severe human influenza

JCI Insight (2023)

Hillary A. Vanderven Deborah Wentworth Win Min Han Heidi Peck Ian Barr

BACKGROUNDAntibody-based therapies for respiratory viruses are of increasing importance. The INSIGHT 006 trial administered anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (Flu-IVIG) to patients hospitalized with influenza. Flu-IVIG treatment improved outcomes in patients with influenza B but showed no benefit for influenza A.METHODSTo probe potential mechanisms of Flu-IVIG utility, sera collected from patients hospitalized with influenza A or B viruses (IAV or IBV) were analyzed for antibody isotype/subclass and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding by ELISA, bead-based multiplex, and NK cell activation assays.RESULTSInfluenza-specific FcγR-binding antibodies were elevated in Flu-IVIG-infused IBV- and IAV-infected patients. In IBV-infected participants (n = 62), increased IgG3 and FcγR binding were associated with more favorable outcomes. Flu-IVIG therapy also improved the odds of a more favorable outcome in patients with low levels of anti-IBV Fc-functional antibody. Higher FcγR-binding antibody was associated with less favorable outcomes in IAV-infected patients (n = 50), and Flu-IVIG worsened the odds of a favorable outcome in participants with low levels of anti-IAV Fc-functional antibody.CONCLUSIONThese detailed serological analyses provide insights into antibody features and mechanisms required for a successful humoral response against influenza, suggesting that IBV-specific, but not IAV-specific, antibodies with Fc-mediated functions may assist in improving influenza outcome. This work will inform development of improved influenza immunotherapies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02287467.FUNDINGFunding for this research was provided by subcontract 13XS134 under Leidos Biomedical Research Prime Contract HHSN261200800001E and HHSN261201500003I, NCI/NIAID.

10.1172/jci.insight.167464

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Report on influenza viruses received and tested by the Melbourne WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in 2019

Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2021)

Heidi Peck Jean Moselen Sook Kwan Brown Megan Triantafilou Hilda Lau

As part of its role in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne received a record total of 9,266 human influenza positive samples during 2019. Viruses were analysed for their antigenic, genetic and antiviral susceptibility properties. Selected viruses were propagated in qualified cells or embryonated hen's eggs for potential use in seasonal influenza virus vaccines. In 2019, influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated over influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses, accounting for a total of 51% of all viruses analysed. The majority of A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses analysed at the Centre were found to be antigenically similar to the respective WHO recommended vaccine strains for the Southern Hemisphere in 2019. However, phylogenetic analysis indicated that a significant proportion of circulating A(H3N2) viruses had undergone genetic drift relative to the WHO recommended vaccine strain for 2019. Of 5,301 samples tested for susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir, four A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses showed highly reduced inhibition with oseltamivir, one A(H1N1)pdm09 virus showed highly reduced inhibition with zanamivir and three B/Victoria viruses showed highly reduced inhibition with zanamivir.

Zanamivir

Embryonated

Oseltamivir

H5N1 genetic structure

Human influenza

Pandemic

Neuraminidase inhibitor

10.33321/cdi.2021.45.43

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Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.2.1a in Traveler Returning to Australia from India, 2024

Emerging infectious diseases (2024)

Yi‐Mo Deng Michelle Wille Clyde Dapat Ruopeng Xie Olivia Lay

We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.2.1a in a child traveler returning to Australia from India. The virus was a previously unreported reassortant consisting of clade 2.3.2.1a, 2.3.4.4b, and wild bird low pathogenicity avian influenza gene segments. These findings highlight surveillance gaps in South Asia.

Highly pathogenic

10.3201/eid3101.241210

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Detection of Influenza in Managed Quarantine in Australia and the Estimated Risk of Importation

Clinical Infectious Diseases (2022)

Heidi Peck Nithila Anbumurali Kimberley McMahon Kevin Freeman Ammar Aziz

Influenza circulated at historically low levels during 2020/2021 due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic travel restrictions. In Australia, international arrivals were required to undergo a 14-day hotel quarantine to limit new introduction of SARS-CoV-2.We usedtesting data for travelers arriving on repatriation flights to Darwin, Australia, from 3 January 2021 to 11 October 2021 to identify importations of influenza virus into Australia. We used this information to estimate the risk of a case exiting quarantine while still infectious. Influenza-positive samples were sequenced, and cases were followed up to identify transmission clusters. Data on the number of cases and total passengers were used to infer the risk of influenza cases exiting quarantine while infectious.Despite very low circulation of influenza globally, 42 cases were identified among 15 026 returned travelers, of which 30 were A(H3N2), 2 were A(H1N1)pdm09, and 10 were B/Victoria. Virus sequencing data identified potential in-flight transmission, as well as independent infections prior to travel. Under the quarantine strategy in place at the time, the probability that these cases could initiate influenza outbreaks in Australia neared 0. However, this probability rose as quarantine requirements relaxed.Detection of influenza virus infections in repatriated travelers provided a source of influenza viruses otherwise unavailable and enabled development of the A(H3N2) vaccine seed viruses included in the 2022 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. Failure to test quarantined returned travelers for influenza represents a missed opportunity for enhanced surveillance to better inform public health preparedness.

Pandemic

10.1093/cid/ciac648

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Immunogenicity of concomitant SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination in UK healthcare workers: a prospective longitudinal observational study

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

Joshua Nazareth Christopher Martin Daniel Pan Ian Barr Sheena G. Sullivan

BackgroundCo-administration of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may impact SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced humoral immune responses. We aimed to compare IIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced cellular and humoral immune responses in those receiving concomitant vaccination to those receiving these vaccines separately.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study between 29th September 2021 and 5th August 2022 in healthcare workers who worked at the local NHS trust and in the surrounding area that were vaccinated with a mRNA SARS-CoV-2 booster and cell-based IIV. We measured haemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) titres, SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody and SARS-CoV-2 ELISpot count pre-vaccination, 1-month and 6-months post-vaccination and evaluated differences by vaccine strategy.FindingsWe recruited 420 participants, 234/420 (56%) were vaccinated concomitantly and 186/420 (44%) separately. The 1-month post-vaccination mean fold rise (MFR) in SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies was lower in those vaccinated concomitantly compared to separately (MFR [95% confidence interval (CI)] 9.7 [8.3, 11.4] vs 12.8 [10.3, 15.9], p = 0.04). After adjustment for age and sex, the adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) remained lower for those vaccinated concomitantly compared to separately (aGMR [95% CI] 0.80 [0.70, 0.92], p = 0.001). At 6-months post-vaccination, we found no statistically significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titres (aGMR [95% CI] 1.09 [0.87, 1.35], p = 0.45). We found no statistically significant correlation between vaccine strategy with SARS-CoV-2 ELISpot count and influenza HAI titres at 1-month and 6-months post-vaccination.InterpretationOur study found that concomitant vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 and IIV has no statistically significant impacts on long-term immunogenicity. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms and assess the clinical significance of reduced anti-spike antibodies in those vaccinated concomitantly.FundingResearch and Innovation (UKRI) through the COVID-19 National Core Studies Immunity (NCSi) programme (MC_PC_20060).

Concomitant

ELISPOT

10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101022

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Citations (2)