Two populations in F3 generation developed from cross between low oleic inbreds (COSF 1B and TNHSF 239-61-2-2-1) and high oleic (HO 5-13) inbred were studied to assess genetic variability among oil yield and its component traits. High PCV and GCV were recorded for oil yield and single plant yield in F3 population of COSF 1B x HO 5-13. Similarly, high PCV was also noticed for oil yield and single plant yield in F3 population of TNHSF 239-61-2-4-1 x HO 5-13. This revealed the presence of substantial magnitude of genetic variability in the experimental material and better scope for improvement of these traits. High heritability (˃60%) coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (˃20%) was recorded by the traits viz. plant height, 100- seed weight, single plant yield, oleic acid content and oil yield in both populations. Non-significant skewness and kurtosis were observed for most of the oil yield contributing traits in both the populations indicating that the genotypes in the population exhibited normal distribution for the traits under study. Highly heritable characters viz. plant height, 100- seed weight, volume weight, single plant yield and oil yield could be improved through individual plant selection in subsequent generations. Hence selection based on these characters would contribute for the improvement of oil yield in sunflower.
Three genic male sterile lines and ten testers were crossed in a line x tester mating design. The parents (for male sterile parents corresponding maintainer lines were used) as well as hybrids were evaluated for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of clusters/plant, number of pods/plant, 100 grain weight and grain yield/plant. Among 30 hybrids, 13 hybrids exhibited significant and positive heterosis over all the three bases of estimation. The two hybrids viz., MS Prabhat DT x ICPL 88009 (L2 x T3) and MS Prabhat DT x ICPL (L1 x T6) showed highly significant and positive heterosis over mid, better and standard parent. In general, the proportion of hybrids exhibiting significant heterotic effect for grain yield with genic male sterile line MS Prabhat DT was greater as compared to lines, MS Prabhat NDT and MS CO 5. The male parents viz., ICPL 88009 (T3), ICPL 89008 (T4), ICPL 84023 (T6) showed significant and positive heterosis with female lines MS Prabhat DT and MS Prabhat NDT for grain yield/plant.
A study was conducted to determine the diversity among sunflower genotypes using D2 analysis during kharif, 2014. Study of per se performance of genotype, ARM 243B showed superiority for head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant, oil yield per plant and with moderate resistance to Alternaria leaf spot disease. This was followed by COSF 2B, COSF 7B, CSFI 5019, CSFI 5040, CSFI 5083, CSFI 5213, CSFI 5336 and TNHSF 239-68-1-1-1. These genotypes showed high oil yield per plant and few component traits with moderate resistance to Alternaria leaf spot disease. These genotypes can be used for increasing oil yield by hybridization for development of hybrids. Parental divergence study showed that 115 genotypes were grouped into nine clusters. Considering the cluster mean and divergence values, clusters VII and VIII were more diverse followed by clusters II and VIII, I and VIII, III and VIII, V and VIII and VI and VIII suggesting that hybridization between divergent groups may lead to more variability for the characters concerned. Among the diverse clusters, genotypes CSFI 13024 and TNHSF 239-68-1-1-1 of cluster VII and CSFI 13022, CSFI 13023, CSFI 13069 and CSFI 13071 of cluster VIII may be crossed to obtain wider variation in segregating population.
A study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity studies amongfifty-three genotypes of Barnyard millet in Randomized Block Design withtwo replications. Diversity analysis for qualitative traits by Dice SimilarityCo-efficient and UPGMA method grouped the genotypes into eight clustersindicating the presence of enough diversity among the genotypes. Theclustering of the genotypes based on the quantitative characters was doneby using the D2 method. Out of 12 clusters formed, the maximum inter-clusterdistance was found between cluster V and cluster VIII, indicating high diversitybetween the genotypes present in these two clusters. Cluster VIII includedthe genotypes, which showed significantly higher mean for grain yield andmaximum value for many of the yield contributing traits and grain yield/plant. The clustering pattern also indicated that the genotypes are groupedirrespective of their geographical origin.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is one of the most significant yet underutilized staple crops in the world. It contains high levels of dietary fiber, resistant starch and essential health-beneficial bioactive compounds, including phenolics, vitamins and minerals, making it a valuable component of a balanced diet. The bioactive profiles of sorghum are exceptionally unique, more abundant and more diverse than those of other common cereal grains. Sorghum contains phenolic acids, condensed tannins and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins as its primary phenolic constituents. Consumption of sorghum whole grain may enhance gut health and lower the risk of chronic illnesses, as studies have demonstrated the strong antioxidant activity of sorghum’s phenolic components in vitro. Additionally, condensed tannins, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and phenolic compounds are essential contributors to its health benefits. Recently, sorghum grain has been increasingly used to develop functional foods and beverages, as well as an ingredient in other food products. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the nutritional composition and functional properties of sorghum, along with its related health benefits, to improve health outcomes and overall well-being.
Background: A systematic investigation of the induced mutagenesis in Urdbean was attempted with cultivars viz., MDU 1 and VBN (Bg) 4 to generate superior battering quality varieties. Induced mutation is proven as an applicable breeding method to build variation in plant materials. In this study, 40 Urdbean genotypes including thirty eight mutants of two promising Urdbean varieties namely MDU1 and VBN (Bg) 4 and two parental genotypes were involved for quality analysis. One of the most dangerous diseases in legumes is Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV). In legume, this virus causes enormous losses in the areas of Urdbean cultivation. The prevailing varieties are partially resistant to this virus. Hence, the paramount approach to control this disease is breeding for resistance or tolerance to this disease. There is a necessity of searching the sources of disease resistance. In this study, screening of the mutants was conducted to make out the source of resistance to this disease.Methods: The nutritional characters viz., albumin, globulin and total soluble protein along with biochemical analysis of battering quality through Arabinose estimation were analyzed to find out the quality characters of the mutants. Batter volume analysis from idli batter was conducted conducted. Scoring of disease severity was done for all the plants on 50th day on the basis of visual scoring. The disease was scored on a 1-9 arbitrary scale. For biochemical characterization for this disease estimation of total phenol content, total sugars and phytic acid was executed.Result: Based on the general performance of albumin content, globulin content, total soluble protein, arabinose content, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant, the mutant lines viz., ACM-014-021, ACM-015-015, ACM-15-023, ACM-015-013, ACM-015-003, ACM-015-030, ACM-014-006, ACM-014-007 were recognized as the best. Hence these mutant lines could be exploited directly in the breeding programme to develop superior battering quality Urdbean varieties. Based on over all mean performance of important batter volume characters viz., initial batter volume analysis, final batter volume, improved batter volume, arabinose content and single plant yield the mutant lines ACM-15-015, ACM-015-030, ACM-015-003, ACM-015-023 were identified to be superior in terms of yield, arabinose content and batter volume. The mutant lines viz., ACM-014-021, ACM-015-025, ACM-014-006, ACM-015-022, ACM -015-023, ACM-014-019, ACM-014-007, ACM-015-017, ACM-014- 003 and VBN (Bg) 4 were recognized as resistant to MYMV. These lines had higher total phenol, phytic acid content and less total sugar content in the leaves when compared with the highly susceptible mutant lines. The present study indicated that phytic acid content recorded highly significant positive correlation with total phenol. Based on the per se performance for all the characters studied viz., seed batter analysis, seed volume analysis and MYMV scoring, the mutant lines viz., ACM-014-021, ACM-015-23, ACM-015-030, were judged as the best and could be exploited directly or in breeding experiments for improving yield along with batter quality.
Sunflower oil with high oleic acid content has nutritional benefit similar to olive oil. Forty five sunflowergenotypes with varying oleic acid content were evaluated for the estimation of proportion of heritability, geneticadvance, PCV and GCV for ten quantitative traits during kharif 2018. PCV was higher compared to GCV for all thetraits. High PCV and High GCV were observed for seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight, oil yield and linoleicacid content. Seven characters viz., plant height, head diameter, hundred seed weight, seed yield/plant, oil yield, oleic acid content and linoleic acid content recorded high heritability followed by high genetic advance indicating the presence of additive gene action and are efficient for selection.
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