On the natural course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a triad, ”chronic low-grade inflammation-blood vessel endothelial dysfunction-atherosclerosis”, which is mediated by glycol-toxicity and lipo-toxicity, initiate many complications such as macroangiopathy of heart, brain and limbs, microangiopathy of kidney and retina. This pathological evolution process communicates with the theory of ”Yin Fire” pathogenesis in TCM each other. On the one hand, such a pathological change involving deficient Promordial Qi, burning ”Yin Fire” and insufficient body fluid and its metabolism and blood, is the key pathogenesis of T2DM; On the other hand, the pathology basis of blood vessels complications is another pathological change: ”Yin Fire” which is incubating in blood vessels brews turbidity and stagnant blood to be toxins and these toxins damage collaterals and subcollaterals of body. Accordingly the therapeutic principle ought to be ”tonifying Promordial Qi with sweet and thermy medicinal herbs, invigorating splenic yang and purging pathogenic fire, and then eliminating turbidity toxin and stagnant blood”. This theory provide a new train of thought for determination of treatment based in pathogenesis obtained through differentiation of symptoms and signs about T2DM and its blood vessel complications.
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