Abstract Studies on obesity and risk factors from a life-course perspective among residents in the Tibet Plateau with recent economic growth and increasing obesity are important and urgently needed. The birth cohort in this area provides a unique opportunity to examine the association between maternal dietary practice and neonatal obesity. The study aims to detect the prevalence of obesity among neonates, associated with maternal diet and other factors, supporting life-course strategies for obesity control. A cohort of pregnant women was enrolled in Tibet Plateau and followed till childbirth. Dietary practice during pregnancy was assessed using the Chinese FFQ – Tibet Plateau version, food items and other variables were associated with the risk for obesity of neonates followed by logistic regression, classification and regression trees (CART) and random forest. Of the total 1226 mother–neonate pairs, 40·5 % were Tibetan and 5·4 % of neonates with obesity. Consuming fruits as a protective factor for obesity of neonates with OR (95 % CI) = 0·61 (0·43, 0·87) from logistic regression; as well as OR = 0·20 (0·12, 0·35) for consuming fruits (≥ weekly) from CART. Removing fruit consumption to avoid overshadowing effects of other factors, the following were influential from CART: maternal education (more than middle school, OR = 0·22 (0·13, 0·37)) and consumption of Tibetan food (daily, OR = 3·44 (2·08, 5·69). Obesity among neonates is prevalent in the study population. Promoting healthy diets during pregnancy and strengthening maternal education should be part of the life-course strategies for obesity control.
Abstract Most diseases might be associated with acute or chronic inflammation, and the role of vitamin D in diseases has been extensively explored in recent years. Thus, we examined the associations of one of the best markers for inflammation ― C-reactive protein (CRP) with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in 24 specific diseases. We performed cross-sectional analyses among 9,809 subjects aged ≥18 years who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007~2010. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to explore the associations of CRP with 25(OH)D in different diseases, adjusted for the age, gender, examination period and race. Distributions of CRP were significantly different ( P < 0.05) in gender, examination period and race, and distributions of 25(OH)D were different ( P < 0.05) in the examination period and race. Generally, CRP was negatively associated with 25(OH)D for majority diseases. 25(OH)D was negatively associated with CRP generally, and the associations were disease-specific and disease category-specific. In respiratory, gastrointestinal and mental diseases, the associations tended to be approximately linear. While in metabolic diseases, the associations were nonlinear, and the slope of the nonlinear curve decreased with 25(OH)D, especially when 25(OH)D < 30 μg/L.
Hyperglycaemia and diabetes have become major public health problems worldwide. There is increasing evidence that minerals and the vitamin B group might play specific roles in hyperglycaemia and the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes or metabolic complications.The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mineral and vitamin B group supplementation on the blood glucose levels of different populations.This was a cross-sectional study. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 were used in this study. A total of 8,322 participants (4,169 men and 4,153 women) were included in the study. Quantile regression (QR) was performed to identify the influence of mineral and vitamin B group intake on the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in individuals in different quantiles of FPG.After adjusting for age, income, education, race, smoking, and alcohol consumption, FPG had a negative association with folic acid in individuals with normal or high FPG, with calcium in individuals with normal FPG, and with magnesium in males. FPG was negatively associated with folic acid and calcium in individuals with normal FPG, and magnesium in most of the quantiles for females.Hyperglycaemia and diabetes are currently becoming popular research topics. However, little is known about how the whole continuum of blood glucose is associated with commonly researched nutrient supplementation in terms of hyperglycaemia and diabetes.The intake of calcium, folic acid and magnesium was negatively associated with blood glucose levels in individuals in different quantiles of FPG. Appropriate prevention and treatment strategies should be developed for people with different blood glucose levels.
Abstract Introduction Dietary with higher inflammatory potential are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk over the next decade, while studies have shown body mass index (BMI) to be one of the mediators between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and multiple diseases such as depression and diabetes. However, the role of BMI in the association between DII and 10-year risk of CVD is unclear. Methods Study based on 14,355 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants’ diet, obesity level and CVD risk were assessed using the DII, BMI and Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Linear regression and counterfactual model were used to analyze this relationship. Results Participants on a pro-inflammatory diet had a higher risk of CVD over the next ten years compared to participants on an anti-inflammatory diet. Counterfactual models showed a 34.0% partial mediating role of BMI in this relationship, most particularly in males (17.3%) and non-elderly (28.6%-100%). Conclusion Inflammatory diet adversely affects cardiovascular risk, a large part of which operates through BMI, especially in males and non-elderly populations. These findings are beneficial in facilitating research on the mechanisms of diet-related inflammation on CVD.
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and insulin resistance (IR) in underweight and healthy weight adults. This cross-sectional study involved 3205 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. All dietary data used to calculate the DII were obtained based on the average of two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Participants were divided into an anti-inflammatory diet group and a pro-inflammatory diet group based on DII < 0 and DII ≥ 0, respectively. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin data used to calculate IR index (HOMA-IR) were from laboratory data in the NHANES database. According to the linear regression analysis results of DII and HOMA-IR, we found that there was a positive relationship between DII and IR. A positive association between DII and HOMA-IR was seen in the following groups after stratification: by age in 20-39-year olds, by sex in males, by race in Non-Hispanic Whites, by family history of diabetes in those without a family history of diabetes, by education level in those with high school education, by smoking status in current smokers and non-smokers, by hypertension in those with hypertension, by BMI in those with a BMI of 18.5-24.99, by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) in those without HTG, by poverty impact ratio (PIR) in those with PIR ≤ 1.3 and >1.3, and by physical activity in those with moderate recreational activities. In conclusion, in underweight and healthy weight adults, DII was positively correlated with the risk of IR.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)