After the Tohoku Earthquake in 2011, energy saving strategies in all fields is has become an urgent issue. It is essential to have drastic overall power savings, including energy saving during peak usage times, continuous less environment impact. Specific examples of energy saving policies in operation such as the decommissioning of equipment and use of low intensity illumination sources have been conducted and effects have been obtained. Another route to energy conservation is the strict temperature control of Air Conditioning (AC) units in buildings. The effects of the increase in temperature during warm weather makes productivity and work efficiency lower, so it is desirable to balance energy savings with worker comfort levels. 40% of the total energy usage in office buildings is consumed by the air conditioning system. Optimizing the efficient use of AC system should result in a stable indoor thermal environment while contributing to energy savings. It is very important to focus energy savings on small and medium sized buildings because more than half of the total floor space in Japan is occupied by small and medium sized buildings which are less than 2000m2. It is necessary to find out the type of heat generation load at the time of operation for small and medium sized office buildings and determine the optimized AC plan before starting the design of the building. However there are not many cases that measured AC heat generation of each individual room and determined the AC load. In this study we looked at small buildings in the Shikoku area which used multi-packaged air conditioners steel framed buildings of similar size and with the same equipment specifications in Kochi prefecture was measured. The purpose of this research is to develop a basic data set that will contribute to the construction of optimal air conditioning designs and operation techniques that lead to energy conservation and cost savings. The results obtained in this study are as follows: 1) The measured value of the indoor temperature is lower during winter and higher during summer when compared to the system's design value. This confirms that the Warm Biz, Cool Biz directives to tighten the office temperature values to conserve energy are being followed. And the CO2 concentration detected was within the health management standards during both heating periods and cooling periods. 2) During heating periods there was a large deviation between the designed capacity of the system and the measured value. The integrated value of the maximum amount of heat treatment for heating rated capacity was 158.0kW as opposed to the measured value of the maximum amount of heat was 45.9kw. 3) During cooling periods, we found that for the AC system rated for 152kw heat storage utilization the integrated value of the measured value of the maximum amount of heat generation was 51.3kW. Even on the hottest day of the year the system was operating with only 30% of the utilization capacity. 4) We hypothesize that the cause of the difference of the air conditioner heat source capacity and the maximum amount of heat processing in already installed systems is coming from the difference in a given condition of AC load at the time of design. It is necessary to estimate these causes in detail and develop design documents for future guidance.
Ventilation control system was developed and installed in an all electric center of providing school lunch. The system is able to control ventilation rate according to the change of indoor absolute humidity affected by uses of cooking appliances. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects on the indoor thermal environment and electric energy consumption for ventilation and air conditioning by the installation of ventilation control system. From the measurements under the condition of the practical uses in the cooking room, the indoor thermal environment after the installation could be as good as it before installation. The electric energy consumption for ventilation and air conditioning was reduced by the developed ventilation control system.
We analyze the energy consumption in a cafe that is located in the campus of Hiroshima University as an independent unit. As for the energy supply system, electricity is used for the whole facilities, where the amount of energy consumption for cooking occupies 65 % of the total and is about three times more than that for air conditioning. The annual energy consumption in the cafe is measured about 880 GJ in primary energy for the total floor area of 249 m2. The daily energy consumption can be generally explained by plural parameters such as outdoor air temperature, the number of customers and operating hours of air conditioning by the multiple linear regression analyses.
In this paper, analysing result of indoor environment and air conditioning load properties based on real measurements to contribute capacity design of the air conditioner obtained in important equipment rooms is shown. As an analysing result, it is clarified that the grasping the amount of the heat generation is necessary for designing of air conditioning load even in the important equipment rooms. Therefore, data of important equipments’ heat generation obtained by real measurement are organised and shown.
