Los resultados de la presente investigacion, dan cuenta de la comprension de los aspectos basicos de los factores asociados a las dificultades en la atencion en estudiantes de cuarto de primaria del Colegio San Felipe Neri de la ciudad de Pasto, los cuales fueron clasificados en factor personal, familiar, academico y social. El desarrollo de la investigacion no conto con un modelo teorico que trabajara los factores en conjunto, por lo tanto se hizo uso de las teorias de diversos autores como Osman (2007), Abbey (2006) y Hernandez (2005), quienes han desarrollado un amplio y completo estudio de cada factor pero de manera independiente.
La investigacion metodologicamente se oriento bajo el paradigma cualitativo, con un enfoque historico hermeneutico y se desarrollo desde el tipo de estudio etnografico educativo, para el cual se emplearon diferentes estrategias, en un primer momento observaciones naturales continuas dentro y fuera del aula de clases, adicionalmente se tuvo en cuenta los criterios de inclusion, el reporte de los 3 docentes orientadores y la psicologa de la institucion para la identificacion de 15 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y 10 anos con dificultades atencionales que fueron incluidos dentro del proceso investigativo y a partir de alli se iniciaron las observaciones sistematicas de cada nino. Posteriormente se realizaron entrevistas a 12 padres de familia, 7 docentes y 15 estudiantes a partir de las cuales se recolecto informacion acerca de aspectos basicos de los factores anteriormente mencionados; toda la informacion recolectada fue registrada en matrices, las cuales fueron trianguladas y finalmente analizadas e interpretadas, dando como resultado una comprension significativa del fenomeno y de los aspectos basicos de los factores asociados a el, a partir de ello se logro brindar a la institucion el analisis de la informacion del fenomeno (dificultades en el proceso atencional) y la integralidad de los factores aqui mencionados.
This paper describes pond paleoenvironments from a marine platform sited in La Loberia, Rio Negro Province, Argentina. Ponds are good indicators of paleoenvironmental evolution because they are very sensitive to changes in climatic conditions. The methodology used for this research consisted in dry sieving, X-ray diffractometry analysis and paleontological observations. Three sections belonging to the lower section of the Rio Negro formation were determined in the intertidal platform. The lower section is composed of fine-grained greenish gray sandstones deposited in an aeolian dune environment with acueos influence. The middle section consists of stratifield pinkish brown clayey to sandy fine silts with freshwater bivalve remnants and vertebrate footprints. The section is associated to restricted shallow ponds, extending to the NE. This level is overlaid by the upper section made of light bluish gray sandstones with cross to horizontal stratification, being deposited in an aeolian environment. At present the described ponds environment its affected by a strong marine erosion.
The fast growing cement industry has reactivated the exploration for calcareous materials in southern Argentina.A carbonatic deposit is found in Punta Colorada, located 36 km from the town of Sierra Grande, Rio Negro Province. These rocks, deposited during a Late Cretaceous - Early Tertiary marine ingression, belong to Arroyo Verde Formation (Early Eocene).
These coastal deposits have been studied since 1927 by Wichmann, Arnolds (1952), de Alba (1964), Weber (1983) and Busteros et al. (1998). Rossi de Garcia and Levy (1982) assigned these rocks to the Eocene; Spalletti et al. (1993) located them within the Roca Formation (Rocanense ingression) and Gelos et al. (1992) correlated these rocks with Arroyo Verde Formation (Malvicini and Llambias, 1974).
Arroqui Langer et al. (2006) from sedimentologic, geochemical and lithologic data in carbonatic rocks of the Precordillera Argentina established an exploration and exploitation pattern. Bonuccelli (2006) made a similar technical study in Punta Colorada, where 14,806,106 tn of measured reserves and 1,799,174 tn of indicated reserves were determined in a carbonate of less than 4% MgO grade.
The study area comprises 800 Ha divided in two zones separated by Arroyo Las Palmas gully and located at the north and at the south of a basement outcrop denominated Punta Colorada, in the Atlantic marine coast (Fig. 1). By means of 12 drills cores and 8 stratigraphic profiles, a thickness of 10 m was determined for the limestone. Major and minor chemical elements were determined by ICP-MA in 100 ml with two replicas in Alex Steward laboratories, Mendoza. The criterion of Tucker (1981) was used to classify the limestones by the dolomite percentage.
From stratigraphic profiles four levels composed of cross-bedded massive to granular fossiliferous limestones were determined. Microscopically they are composed of a fossiliferous limestone (bioclastic packstone) with bivalves, equinoderms, corals, foraminifera and algae, being algal buildups more abundant in level three. The clastic sand to silt fraction is mainly composed of quartz, feldspar and green clay concretions.
CaO and MgO contents and the relationships Mg/ Ca (Tables 1 and 2) in the stratigraphic profiles and drills cores show vertical variations with increasing MgO values toward the upper levels of the sequence. Based on the percentages of these oxides the rocks are classified as limestone, dolomitic limestone and calcitic dolomite. In drill cores Al, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S and Ti contents, indicate lateral and vertical variations that would be related to geomorphological and paleoenvironmental changes and to the basin evolution as well (Fig. 2, Tables 1-3).
It is concluded that the limestones are mainly composed of calcite with variable quantities of MgO. These rocks would have been formed in warm lagoons with high P content. At the same time shallower areas with intermittent influx of marine waters would have been developed in other sectors. The increase in the content of Na and K in these sectors would support the idea that these evaporitic deposits were temporarily isolated from the dominant marine environment. Al, Fe, Mn and Ti concentrations would be related to the presence of terrigenous material; however, the scarce contribution to the basin would indicate climatic conditions of aridity with low pluvial regimen. Crossbedding in level 2 is associated to marine currents.
The abundance of broken fossils would indicate a highly energy environment. On the tidal flat, the presence of rather thin bioturbation traces (Thalassinoides) would indicate conditions of instability during the development of this ichnofacies, as well as a rather moderate energy with low sedimentation rates.
At the final stage, shallow marine, coastal sedimentation prevail, marked by the abundance of entire shells, cross-bedding and an increment in the Fe and Mn concentration. At the same time in other sectors, the increase in the sulfur content as gypsum, would indicate a sustained SW-NE sea regression.
Las estructuras de deformacion (ED) en sedimentos blandos comprenden las alteraciones que se producen casi simultaneamente con la sedimentacion. Estos procesos se hallan en relacion directa con las caracteristicas internas de los materiales sedimentarios y de los factores externos que actuan sobre ellos. Sus resultados incluyen deformaciones como inyecciones, fracturas, volcanes y laminaciones convolutas que afectan total o parcialmente la estratificacion. Los sedimentos blandos deformados por sismos se incluyen bajo la denominacion general de sismitas ( seismites ). Como objetivo de esta investigacion se plantea reconocer, por primera vez, estructuras de deformacion ubicadas en la Formacion Rio Negro presentes en el sector norte del Golfo San Matias, en inmediaciones del Faro Rio Negro. La metodologia empleada consistio en el reconocimiento y descripcion de las estructuras, para lo cual se extrajeron muestras para determinar granulometria, mineralogia y contenido de materia organica. Se fotografiaron los distintos sectores con deformaciones con el fin de establecer modelos comparativos. El sector estudiado, de 4 km de extension, se ubica entre el faro de Rio Negro y el inicio del Banco Verde y morfologicamente corresponde a un frente acantilado con orientacion ENE-OSO. En el se determinaron las siguientes ED: a- de carga simple, pseudonodulos contiguos y aislados, y estructuras complejas; b- de escape de fluidos y c- estructuras de deslizamiento basal y por presion dirigida. El origen de las deformaciones se debe a las caracteristicas de las sedimentitas y a los procesos que las afectan tales como los efectos por carga, escapes de fluidos y las presiones dirigidas. Como origen de estos procesos se senalan: la presion de la columna litologica, las olas de tormentas y los terremotos. Por los rasgos hallados las deformaciones del litoral rionegrino tendrian un origen sismico, proceso ocurrido en un unico evento durante el ciclo Andino cuyos inicios se fijan hace aproximadamente 45 Ma. Por otra parte sus techos y bases no se hallan asociados a otros procesos de deformacion y sus espesores no exceden el metro de potencia. Ademas se hallan acotadas a la zona de transicion entre los Miembros medio y superior de la Formacion Rio Negro descansando en algunos casos sobre arcilitas y en otros sobre limolitas, originadas en un paleorelieve de interdunas.
A description and genetic analysis of themorphological units present in the northwestern coastal area of Chubut province, betweenPunta Ninfas and Cabo Dos Bahías, along 300 km approximately, were carried out. Thiswork aims to define the processes that have acted to shape the different geomorphologicalfeatures of the area. Also, based on the morphological traits evaluate changes in sea level thattook place during the Quaternary. In a semiarid environment, with temporary water courseswith the exception of the Chubut River, several morphological units were developed. Morphological and geological maps, aerial photographs (1:20.000 scale) and in situ detailedsurveys data were used to determine the units present in the area. Topographical profilesbetween tide levels using the Emery method adapted to large beaches were performed andmorphological examinations into the continent were made up to about 10 km from the coast.Tectonically, are classified as Trailing edge coasts. According to its structure are ruggedcoastlines. Correspond to coasts under the action of storm waves caused by winds reach 10m/s. Among the morphological units continental and marine types were recognized. Thecontinental forms are integrated by terraces, depressions, valleys and gullys. Among themarine units active and inactive units were found. The active marine units determined were:cliffs, beach ridges, beaches, wave-cut platforms, coastal dunes and tombolos. The inactivemarine units determined were: palaeo cliffs, coastal lagoons and raised beaches. In themorphological modeling area have involved reactivation tectonic processes in conjunctionwith changes in sea level. The structures of positive and negative relief would be linked totectonic reactivation occurred during the Pleistocene. The Holocene initiate with atransgressive cycle; towards the middle Holocene around 6000 yr BP began a regressivecycle leaving raised beaches, boulder beds and coastal lagoons in sedimentary silting process.One last ingressive cycle between 4000 and 2000 BP have modeled some bays, beach ridges,wave-cut platforms and notches originated at the foot of the cliffs. The presence of a step inthe abrasion wave-cut platforms may be an index of sea level fall and a current period ofstabilization. At present, marine erosion is favored in jointed wave-cut platforms.Sedimentary material generated by marine erosion (sand and pebbles) are transported by theaction of longshore drift. To the northern sector of the study area the beaches are open typewhile southward pocked beaches are dominant. Cliff top dunes occur in bays closed by cliffs.
COMPARATIVE GENESIS OF BIOCONCRETIONS: PALEOENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. The aim of this study is to describe and morphogenetically and environmentally compare bioconcretions found in a continental environment at Quequén Salado with those found in a coastal environment at Playa Chica; both localities are in Buenos Aires Province. The first section —on the bank of the Quequén Salado river— is a 1.80 m thick bed of a late Pleistocene—Holocene siltstone with a sand to clay grain-size. These bioconcretions reach up to 25 cm long and variable diameters ranging from 1 to 5 cm. They are vertically oriented with ascending branches and associated with frustules of freshwater diatoms. The second analyzed profile is located at Playa Chica, on the northern shores of the Río Negro. The 2.40 m thick layer with bioconcretions is divided into 5 to 10 cm with subhorizontally laminated rhythmite-like beds at very low angle. The BC are yellowish to dark-reddish brown in color, subcircular, well-consolidated, accompanied by marine to brackish-water diatoms, euryhaline ostracods and foraminifera. Regarding the origin of the bioconcretions it was possible to establish that the Quequén Salado concretions were originated in a seasonally flooded, fluvial environment dominated by groundwater fluctuations. The Playa Chica bioconcretion deposits show wet periods with a stable water table. The sequence of several bioconcretion layers with successive growth is evidence of changing conditions with flooding and drainage of marine water levels in the basin, within a period of increasing aridity.
A conglomerate deposit in the top of the upper section of the Rio Negro Formation is analyzed. This conglomerate is located in the neighbourhood of the homonym lighthhouse. Samples were taken for grain-size, morphology and origin determinations by sieving and binocular microscope observation . The deposit contains about 70% gravel, 23 to 26 % sands and the rest are silts and clays. Gravel petrology shows 76% acidic volcanic rocks while 24% are basic and intermediate rocks. The gravel tend to be discoidal to spherical in shape.. The psammitic fraction shows a dominion of fine to medium sand. The grains have sub-rounded forms and rough surfaces marked by bites and/or dimples. The depositional environment would correspond to a channelled river with strong energy and irregular variations in the flow, a process that developed during the Upper Pleistocene. The area of origin of El Peladero gravel would be the accumulated and razed plains located in the NW of Rio Negro province, while the sandy levels would come from the erosion of the higher levels of the Rio Negro Formation. Moreover the age of the calcareous silt that cover the gravel is about 24.530 years BP.
Na Província de San Juan, noroeste da Argentina, ocorre um depósito de bentonitabranca formado a partir de rochas vulcânicas do Neogeno (Formação Las Trancas). Estas rochas foram posteriormente falhadas e intrudidas por diques traquíticos/andesíticos. O depósito se localiza na parte central de uma área elíptica de 10 km2 e se formou pela alteração de vidro riolítico com intercalação de termos vesiculares e fibrosos. Os principais produtos de alteração são montmorilonita, opala C-T e zeolitas. As zonas de maior concentração de montmorilonita são controladas por diques e falhas. A alteração das rochas vulcânicas para bentonita se deu numsistema hidrológico aberto, onde a remoção de Si e de álcalis propiciou a formação de opala C-T e zeolitas, enquanto Mg e H2O foram consumidos na formação de montmorilonita. Durante o processo de alterção, o Th tem baixa mobilidade, Nb e Y são lixiviados, Zr é enriquecido e não há fracionamento de elementos terras raras (ETR). Conclui-se que a mobilidade de elementos maiores e traços durante a alteração depende da natureza da rocha-mãe, da composição do fluido e da razão rocha/água.