Yu-Min Hu

Tsinghua University

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Zhong Wang

Tsinghua University

Wen-Tan Xue

Tsinghua University

Fei Song

Tsinghua University

Yin-Quan Huang

Tsinghua University

Biao Lian

Princeton University

Ming-Rui Li

Tsinghua University

Hao Chen

Princeton University

Yuelin Shao

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Peng Xue

Southeast University

Michael Alexander Kurniawan

University of Hong Kong

Cooperative Institutions

Tsinghua University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Princeton University

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

University of Science and Technology of China

National Applied Research Laboratories

Soochow University

Southeast University

Beijing Computational Science Research Center

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Edge Burst in Non-Hermitian Quantum Walk

arXiv (Cornell University) (2021)

Wen-Tan Xue Yu-Min Hu Fei Song Zhong Wang

We uncover a novel non-Hermitian phenomenon, dubbed edge burst, in non-Hermitian quantum dynamics. Specifically, in a typical class of non-Hermitian quantum walk, an exceptionally large portion of loss occurs at the system boundary. The physical origin of this edge burst is found to be an interplay between two unique non-Hermitian phenomena, non-Hermitian skin effect and imaginary gap closing. Furthermore, we establish a universal bulk-edge scaling relation underlying the edge burst.

Quantum walk

Hermitian function

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Non-Hermitian band theory of nonreciprocal transmission and amplification

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2021)

Wen-Tan Xue Mingrui Li Yu-Min Hu Fei Song Zhong Wang

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Generalized Brillouin zone of non-Hermitian continuum systems

Bulletin of the American Physical Society (2021)

Yu-Min Hu Yin-Quan Huang Wen-Tan Xue Zhong Wang

Brillouin zone

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Simulation Study of Field Emission Microtrides with Focusing Structure

Yung‐Chiang Lan Yu-Min Hu T. L. Lin

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Steady-state edge burst: From free-particle systems to interaction-induced phenomena

Physical review. B./Physical review. B (2023)

Yu-Min Hu Wen-Tan Xue Fei Song Zhong Wang

The interplay between the non-Hermitian skin effect and the imaginary gap of lossy lattices results in the edge burst, a boundary-induced dynamical phenomenon in which an exceptionally large portion of particle loss occurs at the edge. Here, we find that this intriguing non-Hermitian dynamical phenomenon can be exactly mapped into the steady-state density distribution of a corresponding open quantum system. Consequently, the bulk-edge scaling relation of loss probability in the edge burst maps to that of steady-state density. Furthermore, we introduce a many-body open-system model in which the two-body loss generates an interaction-induced non-Hermitian skin effect. Using the positive-$P$ method, we demonstrate the validity of the scaling relation for steady-state correlators. These results provide a unique perspective on the interaction-induced many-body non-Hermitian skin effect. Our predictions are testable in state-of-the-art experimental platforms.

Skin effect

10.1103/physrevb.108.235422

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Non-Bloch band theory for non-Hermitian continuum systems

Physical review. B./Physical review. B (2024)

Yu-Min Hu Yin-Quan Huang Wen-Tan Xue Zhong Wang

Bloch wave

10.1103/physrevb.110.205429

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Green's functions of multiband non-Hermitian systems

Physical Review Research (2023)

Yu-Min Hu Zhong Wang

Green's functions of non-Hermitian systems play a fundamental role in various dynamical processes. Because non-Hermitian systems are sensitive to boundary conditions due to the non-Hermitian skin effect, open-boundary Green's functions are closely related to the non-Bloch band theory. While the exact formula of open-boundary Green's functions in single-band non-Hermitian systems proves to be an integral along the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ), the proper generalization in generic multiband systems remains unclear. In this paper, we derive a formula of open-boundary Green's functions in multiband non-Hermitian systems by viewing the multiband GBZ on the Riemann surface. This formula can be applied to describe directional amplification in multiband systems, which can be verified at various experimental platforms.

10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043073

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The Bosonic Quantum Breakdown Hubbard Model

arXiv (Cornell University) (2024)

Yu-Min Hu Biao Lian

We propose a bosonic quantum breakdown Hubbard model, which generalizes the Bose-Hubbard model by adding an asymmetric breakdown interaction turning one boson into two between adjacent sites. We show that the ground state undergoes a first-order phase transition from Mott insulator to breakdown condensate as the breakdown interaction increases. When the normal hopping is zero, this model has a global exponential U(1) symmetry, which is spontaneously broken by the breakdown condensate, while the Mott-condensate transition remains first order. Surprisingly, the breakdown condensate with spontaneously broken exponential U(1) symmetry does not have a gapless Goldstone mode, which invalidates the Mermin-Wagner theorem and leads to stable spontaneous symmetry breaking in 1D. Moreover, we show that the model at non-equilibrium exhibits a dynamical transition from dielectric phase to breakdown phase with respect to the breakdown interaction. Our results show that quantum systems with exponential symmetry can exhibit novel unexpected properties.

Gapless playback

Goldstone boson

Mott insulator

Quantum fluctuation

10.48550/arxiv.2401.04309

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Observation of non-Hermitian edge burst in quantum dynamics

arXiv (Cornell University) (2023)

Lei Xiao Wen-Tan Xue Fei Song Yu-Min Hu Wei Yi

The non-Hermitian skin effect, by which the eigenstates of Hamiltonian are predominantly localized at the boundary, has revealed a strong sensitivity of non-Hermitian systems to the boundary condition. Here we experimentally observe a striking boundary-induced dynamical phenomenon known as the non-Hermitian edge burst, which is characterized by a sharp boundary accumulation of loss in non-Hermitian time evolutions. In contrast to the eigenstate localization, the edge burst represents a generic non-Hermitian dynamical phenomenon that occurs in real time. Our experiment, based on photonic quantum walks, not only confirms the prediction of the phenomenon, but also unveils its complete space-time dynamics. Our observation of edge burst paves the way for studying the rich real-time dynamics in non-Hermitian topological systems.

Hamiltonian (control theory)

Quantum walk

10.48550/arxiv.2303.12831

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Non-Hermitian band theory of directional amplification

arXiv (Cornell University) (2020)

Wen-Tan Xue Ming-Rui Li Yu-Min Hu Fei Song Zhong Wang

The phenomenon of amplifying forward-propagating signals while blocking back-propagating ones, known as the directional amplification, is important for a wide range of applications. As open systems that exchange energy with the environment, directional amplifiers exhibit intrinsically non-Hermitian physics. General formulas for the gain and directionality, though highly desirable, have been lacking. In this work, we find these formulas in a compact and user-friendly form. This solution implies deep connections between the directional amplification and non-Hermitian topological band theory. In particular, our formulas are based on the concept of generalized Brillouin zone, which was initially introduced as a key ingredient in understanding the non-Hermitian topology. These formulas could provide a widely applicable criterion for designing directional amplifiers, and point to new potential applications based on non-Hermitian band theory.

Brillouin zone

Energy exchange

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Citations (8)