Defect-enriched Cu/Cu 2 O–Al 2 O 3 nanoribbons with zigzag edges have been prepared and they exhibit superior degradation efficiency on tetracycline antibiotics, due to their better oxygen adsorption and capture ability.
An ozone generator with long-term stable operation, high ozone output, and low production energy was investigated based on a high-performance PbO 2 gas diffusion electrode.
The epigenetic reader SntB was identified as an important transcriptional regulator of growth, development, and secondary metabolite synthesis in Aspergillus flavus . However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, sntB gene deletion (Δ sntB ), complementary (Com- sntB ), and HA tag fused to sntB ( sntB -HA) strains were constructed by using the homologous recombination method, respectively. Our results revealed that deletion of sntB inhibited the processes of mycelia growth, conidial production, sclerotia formation, aflatoxin synthesis, and ability to colonize host compared to wild type (WT), and the defective phenotype of knockout strain Δ sntB could be restored in its complementary strain Com- sntB . Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of sntB- HA and WT and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of Δ sntB and WT strains revealed that SntB played key roles in oxidative stress response of A. flavus . The function of catC (encode a catalase) gene was further analyzed based on the integration results of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. In Δ sntB strain, the relative expression level of catC was significantly higher than in WT strain, while a secretory lipase encoding gene (G4B84_008359) was down-regulated. Under the stress of oxidant menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), the deletion of sntB obvious down-regulated the expression level of catC . After deletion of catC gene, the mycelia growth, conidial production, and sclerotia formation were inhibited, while ROS level and aflatoxin production were increased compared to the WT strain. Results also showed that the inhibition rate of MSB to Δ catC strain was significantly lower than that of WT group and AFB1 yield of the Δ catC strain was significantly decreased than that of WT strain under the stress of MSB. Our study revealed the potential machinery that SntB regulated fungal morphogenesis, mycotoxin anabolism, and fungal virulence through the axle of from SntB to fungal virulence and mycotoxin bio-synthesis, i.e. H3K36me3 modification-SntB-Peroxisomes-Lipid hydrolysis-fungal virulence and mycotoxin bio-synthesis. The results of the study shed light into the SntB mediated transcript regulation pathway of fungal mycotoxin anabolism and virulence, which provided potential strategy for control the contamination of A. flavus and its aflatoxins.
Abstract The epigenetic reader SntB was identified as an important transcriptional regulator of growth, development, and secondary metabolite synthesis in Aspergillus flavus . However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, sntB gene deletion (Δ sntB ), complementary (Com- sntB ), and HA tag fused to sntB ( sntB -HA) strains were constructed by using the homologous recombination method, respectively. Our results revealed that deletion of sntB inhibited the processes of mycelia growth, conidial production, sclerotia formation, aflatoxin synthesis, and ability to colonize host, and the defective phenotype of knockout strain Δ sntB could be restored in its complementary strain Com- sntB . Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of sntB- HA and WT, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of Δ sntB and WT strains revealed that SntB played key roles in oxidative stress response of A. flavus . The function of catC gene (encode a catalase) was further analyzed based on the integration results of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. In Δ sntB strain, the relative expression level of catC was significantly higher than in WT strain, while a secretory lipase encoding gene (G4B84_008359) was down-regulated. Under the stress of oxidant menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB), the deletion of sntB obvious down-regulated the expression level of catC . After deletion of catC gene, the mycelia growth, conidial production, and sclerotia formation were inhibited, while ROS level and aflatoxin production were increased compared to the WT strain. Results also showed that the inhibition rate of MSB to Δ catC strain was significantly lower than that of WT group and AFB1 yield of the Δ catC strain was significantly decreased than that of WT strain under the stress of MSB. Our study revealed the potential machinery that SntB regulated fungal morphogenesis, mycotoxin anabolism, and fungal virulence through the axle of from SntB to fungal virulence and mycotoxin bio-synthesis, i.e. H3K36me3 modification-SntB-Peroxisomes-Lipid hydrolysis-fungal virulence and mycotoxin bio-synthesis. The results of this study shed light into the SntB mediated transcript regulation pathways of fungal mycotoxin anabolism and virulence, which provided potential strategy for control the contamination of A. flavus and its aflatoxins.
We take the perspective of the practitioner who focuses on following the longitudinal performance of specific stocks and investigate whether volume may provide guidance on days of extreme price movements. For days of extreme price increases (the winners) and extreme price decreases (the losers), we show that extreme low volume is associated with future return reversal, whereas extreme high volume does not necessarily lead to future return persistence. We look at daily data from 1989 to 2014, and we consider 2004 to be the year when algorithmic trading activities began to intensify. We find that the usefulness of extreme low volume in repudiating extreme price movements has been diminishing since 2004. To the extent that extreme low volume may still be applied to repudiate extreme price movements, a practitioner may limit his or her scope to the low-volume winners and losers of small capitalization. In addition, we use Chinese data from 1992 to 2014 to replicate the tests. We find that the same characteristics are not shown there, indicating a lack of universality of the conclusions we derived from the U.S. data. TOPICS:Statistical methods, tail risks
Abstract A series of self‐healing waterborne polyurethane (WPU) films utilizing reversible covalent bond acylhydrazones diol (PA) as chain extender were successfully synthesized. The self‐healing performance of WPU with different content of chain extender PA has been systemically characterized via cut‐and‐healing tests and mechanical quantitative evaluation. The film can repair cracks through acylhydrazone exchange reactions within 12 h. When the content of PA is 1.5 wt%, the WPU has the highest self‐healing efficiency of 90.5%. Meanwhile, the effect of PA mass fraction on the particle size distribution, mechanical ability, crystallization, water resistance properties, and thermal stability of WPU were evaluated. With the introduction of acylhydrazone bonds, the hydrophobicity of the WPU material was enhanced, while achieving self‐healing performance, which solves the problem of aging and replacement of materials. These results indicated that the self‐healing WPU exhibited great application prospect as a versatile material.
This article reviews historical research on game from the perspective of culture, psychology and philosophy, as well as modern research on gamification. Under the background, the article analyzes the reasons for introducing gamification into App content design, and selects three Apps to illustrate how game thinking, game mechanics and game elements are manifested in the content design of Apps.
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