This study determined the fractionation of protein and carbohydrate of Piata palisadegrass ensiled with energetic meals. The experiment was developed at the Federal Institute of Goiás State, Rio Verde Campus, using a completely randomized design with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, being four energetic meals (millet, corn, sorghum and wheat) and five levels of addition (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32%). The meals were obtained by grinding the grains, where the levels of addition were calculated based on natural material. The results indicated that the energetic meals represented good sources of additives for ensiling Piata palisadegrass, for considerably improving protein and carbohydrate fractions. However, among the meals used, the sorghum was less efficient by presenting a lower protein fraction (A) and higher fraction C, compared with other additives. The meals of wheat and sorghum showed higher contents of carbohydrate fractions (A+B1 and C). It is recommended the level of addition of 24% of meals, for providing better nutritional value to silage.
O nitrogenio e indispensavel na formacao, manutencao e recuperacao de pastagens, e sua deficiencia e uma das principais causas da degradacao de pastagens cultivadas, principalmente do genero Brachiaria. Considerando a importância da adubacao nitrogenada em areas de pastagens degradadas, objetivou-se avaliar a producao de massa seca e teores de proteina bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente acido, concentracao de nutrientes, nutricao nitrogenada e alguns atributos quimicos do solo, sob doses e fontes de nitrogenio no capim-marandu, pelo periodo de tres anos. O experimento foi conduzido, de julho de 2003 a marco de 2006, na Fazenda Modelo da Universidade Estadual de Goias, em um Latossolo Vermelho de textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos completos ao acaso, com tres repeticoes. Nas parcelas principais foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas fontes de nitrogenio (sulfato de amonio e ureia) e quatro doses de nitrogenio (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg ha-1 ano-1). Nas subparcelas, foram alocados os tres anos (2004, 2005 e 2006), referentes ao tempo de avaliacao da pastagem. A adubacao nitrogenada em cada ano foi parcelada em tres epocas, apos cada corte de avaliacao. Foram realizados tres cortes da planta forrageira por ano. A aplicacao de nitrogenio foi determinante para a recuperacao do capim-marandu. As maiores doses de nitrogenio promoveram acrescimos na producao de massa seca e reducao nos teores de fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente acido. O sulfato de amonio resultou em maior producao de massa seca do que a ureia, em todas as doses e anos avaliados. As concentracoes de nitrogenio, potassio, magnesio, enxofre, cobre, ferro e relacao N:S foram maiores na maior dose de nitrogenio aplicada ao solo; O aumento das doses de nitrogenio promoveu reducao na concentracao de fosforo. Os valores SPAD e as concentracoes de nitrogenio nas folhas recem-expandidas do capim-marandu apresentaram relacao direta entre essas variaveis. O aumento das doses de nitrogenio de ambas as fontes promoveu, nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm, reducao do pH do solo e aumento dos teores de aluminio trocavel, materia orgânica, nitrogenio total, nitrogenio nitrico e amoniacal.
Paiaguas palisadegrass was released in order to meet the requirements of the different production systems. However, little is known about the quality of the forage. The goal of this study was to evaluate the protein and carbohydrate fractionation of the Paiaguas palisadegrass after intercropping with grain sorghum in the pasture recovery, through the integration of crop and livestock production. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Rio Verde, State of Goias. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were composed of the following forage systems: Paiaguas palisadegrass in monocropped, sorghum intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in the row, sorghum intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in the interrow, and sorghum intercropped with oversown Paiaguas palisadegrass. The evaluations were carried out in the four climatic seasons of the year (winter, spring, summer, and fall) in the same plots, over a period of one year, in 16 paddocks under continuous stocking system. The results showed that forage systems did not influence protein and carbohydrate fractionation. The winter season presented higher values of protein and carbohydrate fractionation, negatively affecting the animal performance.
ABSTRACT. Jiggs bermudagrass has presented competitive production potential over other forages. However, there is a lack of information about the nutritional value of this forage with important relevance in ruminant nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the protein and carbohydrate fractionation of Jiggs bermudagrass in different seasons of the year under intermittent grazing by Holstein cows. The experiment was conducted during one year in a completely randomized design with nine replications and treatments consisted of the effect of four seasons: fall, winter, spring and summer. The results showed that there were seasonal variations in the fractions of proteins and carbohydrate, with the exception of the protein fraction B3. The better climatic conditions in spring and summer contributed to an increase in the protein fraction A and carbohydrate A+B1. The winter had a greater fraction C of protein and carbohydrate, reflecting the nutritive value of the forage. The use of irrigation during fall and winter had a positive effect on nitrogen fractions B1 and B2 and on non-fiber carbohydrates.
1 RESUMO Os tensiômetros e tanques classe A tem sido usados para indicar o momento de aplicação da lâmina de irrigação nas diferentes culturas. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do uso de água sob diferentes manejos de irrigação no desenvolvimento da cultura da alfafa, em experimento conduzido em área do campus da Universidade de Rio Verde, em Rio Verde - GO, sob delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, sendo as parcelas compostas por quatro tratamentos: T1 irrigado conforme a leitura dos tensiômetros; T2 irrigado segundo a evapotranspiração da cultura; T3 Irrigado com turno de rega pré-estabelecido, e o T4 testemunha (irrigado até o estabelecimento da cultura). Determinou-se a eficiência do uso da água (EUA), como também a produção de massa verde (PMV) e massa seca (PMS). O uso do turno de rega consumiu mais água do que os demais tratamentos. O manejo com tensiômetros não diferiu do tanque de evaporação classe A para a produção total, mas apresentou a maior eficiência do uso da água para o segundo corte da alfafa. Palavras-chave: Tensiômetro, tanque Classe “A”, plantas forrageiras, Medicago sativa, evapotranspiração. CARRIJO, M.S.; LIMA, M.D.B.; COSTA, K.A.;DAN H.A.; SIMON, G. A. WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN ALFALFA PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION MANAGEMENTS 2 ABSTRACT Tensiometers and Class A Pans have been used to indicate the time for the application of irrigation in different cultures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the irrigation management strategies for alfalfa development in an experiment carried out at the University of Rio Verde, Rio Verde - Goiás, under a randomized block design with five replications, main plots consisting of three irrigation treatments: T1 water application following the tensiometer reading, T2 water application according to crop evapotranspiration, T3 water application following a schedule with irrigation pre-established, and T4 control (irrigated until establishment of culture). Shoot weight, dry matter, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined. The use of irrigation scheduled consumed more water than the other treatments. The use of a tensiometer for irrigation management did not differ from irrigation using Class A Pan; however, it promoted the highest water use efficiency in the second alfalfa cut. Keywords: Tensiometer, Class A Pan, forage plants, Medicago sativa, Evapotranspiration.
Soil compaction negatively affects the physical properties of soil. The study of plants with the potential for mechanical loosening of soil is important for improving soil management and crop yield. In this context, the millet and sorghum are used as an alternative crop in the off-season in the mainly agricultural soil tropical. These roots can be a alternative to of soil mechanical loosening and avoiding mechanic tillage practices and keep soil conservation. Based on this, we assessed the aerial and root growth of millet and sorghum cultivars under different levels of soil compaction. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments comprised of four cultivars of millet (ADR300, ADR500, BN2 and BRS1501) and two sorghum hybrids (Cober crop Atlantica and Monsanto) at four levels of subsurface soil bulk density (1.34, 1.53, 1.72, and 1.81 Mg m-3). We measured the root dry matter, root length density, mean root diameter for the upper, compacted and lower layers, and also the total dry matter. At soil bulk density 1.72 Mg m-3, both sorghum hybrids showed higher aerial dry matter production. At the highest level of soil bulk density, roots accumulated in the upper layer. Millet cultivar BN2 showed a decrease in root dry matter with increasing density in the compacted layer. All millet cultivars exhibited similar average root diameter at higher levels of compaction, except Millet ADR500 that showed less root diameter in the Upper compacted layer. Cober crop showed potential for soil decompaction, indicating the potential of this sorghum hybrid to soil mechanical loosening in the tropical soils
Crop-livestock integration is the production strategy that consists of the diversification and integration of the different productive, agricultural and livestock systems, within the same area. Thus, the goal was to evaluate the production, forage quality and cattle performance in Paiaguas palisadegrass and Tamani grasses in different forms of animal supplementation in crop-livestock integration. The study was set up a randomized block experimental design, with four replicates, in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of two forages (BRS Tamani and BRS Paiaguas) and two animal supplementation strategies (mineral and protein-energy supplementation), in a crop-livestock integration system. Paiaguas palisadegrass showed higher forage production in all grazing cycles. Both forages showed satisfactory results in terms of average daily weight gain and total weight. The provision of protein supplementation to animals did not interfere with animal performance. Paiaguas palisadegrass and Tamani guinea grass showed potential in crop-livestock integration in succession to soybean and may be an alternative of quality food to be offered in the dry season. The system contributed to maintaining the sustainability of animal production on pasture.
SUMMARY Sunflower as silage is an alternative to be used in the off-season, when water shortage makes traditional crops unfeasible. However, exclusive sunflower silages have levels above 70 g/kg DM ether extract, which may impair ruminal fermentation. Thus, ensiling sunflower with tropical forages can bring benefits to the quality of the silage. This study evaluated the fermentation profile and nutritional value of sunflower silage with cultivars of Urochloa brizantha in the off-season. This was a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The treatments were composed of the sunflower silage with and without addition of cultivars of Urochloa brizantha in the ensiling process: sunflower silage; sunflower silage + 30% Marandu palisadegrass; sunflower silage + 30% Xaraes palisadegrass; sunflower silage + 30% Piata palisadegrass and sunflower silage + 30% Paiaguas palisadegrass, totaling 20 experimental silos. The addition of the cultivars of Urochloa brizantha to sunflower silage contributed to improve the fermentation profile and nutritional value of the silages. Silages with 30% Piata and Paiaguas palisadegrass showed higher levels of CP and lower levels of ADF and lignin, and these cultivars are the most recommended for ensiling with sunflower.
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