Evaluating the quality of a website helps to assess whether or not the website is meeting its intended purpose for the intended users. Besides, the results of the evaluation can help to understand the parts of the website that need modifications to bring an improvement in the website. Usability is one of th e most important quality factors in any quality model for the website. In this paper a Website Usability Model (WUM) for informational websites from developer perspective was designed and implemented, an extensive study of the literature on existing qualit y models, essential website success factors and criteria was made to identify necessary quality characteristics, sub - characteristics and criteria. The proposed WUM able to evaluates the usability of academic websites automatically online and makes a suggestion according to the results. It includes four layers browsing layer, parsing layer, evaluation layer and suggestion layer. The experimental results showed that the WUM able to make a decisions such that some websites in general have a good scale of usab ility, while other websites having defects in the usability be revisited using the WUM suggestions.
Milk allergy, sometimes synonymously used with lactose intolerance, is one of the most common allergies in children and adults.It is a true food allergy caused by an allergic reaction to the protein in milk and its products. 1Milk allergy is one of the common allergies in children and babies, while lactose intolerance is common in adults.Milk allergy is very much different from lactose intolerance, which is non-allergic food sensitivity, due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose. 2
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of fetal intracardiac echogenic focus (EIF) in relation to fetal out come Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Radiology department Aga Khan University Hospital; January 2009 till January 2012 Methodology: A descriptive study conducted at radiology department of Aga Khan University Hospital. All fetuses found to have intracardiac echogenic focus during 2 nd trimester anomaly scan were included in the study. The outcome was defined as echocardiography or post-delivery notes from confidential files. Results: A total of 8000 fetuses were evaluated in 2 nd trimester with ultrasound during the study period. In 138 fetuses echogenic intracardiac focus was identified. In 125 fetuses this was an isolated finding and in 13(9.5 %) fetuses this was associated with other soft markers such as pyelectasis or choroid plexus cyst. A total number of 38 patients had echocardiography. Echo findings were abnormal in 10 (7.2%) fetuses. Karyotyping was performed only in two fetuses after birth because of clinical suspicious of aneuploidy and results were normal. All fetuses were reported to be normal at birth. Conclusion: All fetuses with isolated intracardiac echogenic focus or echogenic focus with other soft markers were reported as normal in their post natal period. Our results suggest that the presence of EIF has no significant association with abnormal fetal out come. Considering abnormal echocardiography findings in 6.5 % patients, we emphasize for further future studies to evaluate the hemodynamic significance of echogenic focus in fetal heart.
Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an individual's satisfaction or happiness with the dimensions of life mentioned above, in the context of being affected by or affecting the individual’s health. There have been multiple standardized questionnaires developed to evaluate the HRQOL of people, and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) is one of them.
Objective: To assess the health-related quality of life of the general adult population of Peshawar city by use of the SF-36 survey form.
Materials & methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peshawar city from March to May 2019. The sample comprised of 263 respondents aged 18 and above. Data were collected by systematic random sampling of households using the SF-36 survey form and analyzed using SPSS version 22.
Results: A total of 263 questionnaires were fully filled and valid. Of the 263, 66.9% were male (n=176) and 33.1 % were female (n=87). The age of the participants ranged from 18-70 years, with a mean age of 30.5 ± 11.3 years. The domain value for SF at 67.78, followed closely by BP at 67.54, then MH at 62.69, PF at 61.27, GH at 60.50, VT at 62.69, RP at 57.03, and the lowest value was of RE at 56.52.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the HRQOL of the population of Peshawar city was less as compared to other international studies. It showed males had a better HRQOL in all domains except one. The HRQOL also declined with increasing age.
Keywords: Quality of Life; Adult; Mental Health; Health Surveys
Summary form only given, as follows. Magnetic anisotropies in iron silicide amorphous alloys, produced in the form of thin films, can be induced either by applying an external field during the thin film deposition, or by oblique angle of incidence of the evaporated beam with respect to the normal to the substrate. The total effect of the two possible mechanisms depends on the concentration of Si in the film. This dependence was observed by applying a magnetic field during film deposition in the direction perpendicular to the anisotropy induced by the oblique incidence angle. The easy axis flipped from being parallel to the applied field to being perpendicular to it with increased Si concentration. The plot of the anisotropy energy vs. Si concentration showed a minimum at the transition point where the effect of both mechanisms was comparable. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy performed in these amorphous alloys showed that the orbital component of the magnetic moment was correlated with the anisotropy energy of the amorphous films. The orbital moment to spin moment ratio was higher than in bcc Fe.
The TECRA Unique Salmonella test uses the principle of immunoenrichment to allow rapid detection of Salmonellae in food. A collaborative study was conducted to compare the TECRA Salmonella Unique test with the reference culture method given in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Three food types (milk powder, pepper, and soy flour) were analyzed in Australia and 2 food types (milk chocolate and dried egg) were analyzed in the United States. Forty-one collaborators participated in the study. For each of the 5 foods at each of the 3 levels, a comparison showed no significant differences (p > or = 0.05) in the proportion of positive test samples for Unique and that for the reference method using the Chi-square test for independence with continuity correction.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a vast stromal reaction that arises mainly from cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and promotes both immune escape and tumor growth. Here, we used a mouse model with deletion of the activin A receptor ALK4 in the context of the KrasG12D mutation, which strongly drives collagen deposition that leads to tissue stiffness. By ligand-receptor analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data, we identified that, in stiff conditions, neoplastic ductal cells instructed CAFs through sustained platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling. Tumor-associated tissue rigidity resulted in the emergence of stiffness-induced CAFs (siCAFs) in vitro and in vivo. Similar results were confirmed in human data. siCAFs were able to strongly inhibit CD8+ T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo, promoting local immunosuppression. More importantly, targeting PDGF signaling led to diminished siCAF and reduced tumor growth. Our data show for the first time that early paracrine signaling leads to profound changes in tissue mechanics, impacting immune responses and tumor progression. Our study highlights that PDGF ligand neutralization can normalize the tissue architecture independent of the genetic background, indicating that finely tuned stromal therapy may open new therapeutic avenues in pancreatic cancer.
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