In order to observe the influence of electroacupuncturing (EA) "Ren Zhong" point on acute ischemia injury in brain, an experimental model of acute ischemia injury in brain was produced by antidromically blocking double common carotid arteries in 18 rabbits. The basic arteries' pressure will be increased by EA, RA and the contents of AI, A II increased and the content of LA reduced obviously in brain. An experimental evidence was given for the safety of EA anesthesia and the curative effect of EA on ischemia in brain.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pollutant degradation ability and the microbial community of aerobic granular sludge（AGS）in the modified vertical baffle reactors (VBRs) in the treatment of domestic wastewater. The reactor was started by seeding sludge from the aerobic chamber of the domestic sewage treatment plant (1–15 days, phase 1). The removal efficiency of pollutants under different aeration rate and hydraulic retention time (HRTs) was studied (16–90 days, phase 2). Under optimal conditions (HRT = 20 h, aeration rate = 1.2 m3/h), the 90–day continuous stabilization experiment (91–180 days, stage 3) was performed. The removal efficiencies of COD, NH3–N, TN and TP were 99.48 ± 0.86%, 99.48 ± 1.19%, 76.34 ± 8.91% and 95.02 ± 4.25%, respectively, which met the discharge standard of 1A China (GB 18918–2002). Besides, the formation mechanism and structure of aerobic granular sludge were studied and the relationship between pollutant degradation and extracellular polymer substances (EPS) was analyzed. The conclusions shows that the values of polysaccharide (PS) was increased significantly which was conducive to the bridging among particles to form AGS. The results of functional microbial communities showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in aerobic sludge, while the Nitrospira was the dominant bacteria in genus level, as well as Candidatus–Accumulibacter and other functional bacteria were also abundant. This proved that a variety of functional bacteria coexist, and can achieve the effect of simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants.
Precise positioning measurement plays an important role in in today advanced manufacturing industry, and length traceability chain has been optimizing and enriching to fulfill the developing and various precise positioning requirement. In this paper, we propose a new length traceability chain based on chromium atom transition frequency, which is a combining utilization of fundamental physical constant accuracy and grating interferometer environmental robustness. The selftraceable grating pitch standard, the selftraceable angle standard and the selftraceable grating interferometer are promising to improve the measurement accuracy, consistency and selfcalibration ability in situ for precise positioning.
Autophagy To overcome the autophagy compromised mechanism of protective cellular processes by "eating" damaged organelles or potentially toxic materials in tumor cells, Nan Li and co-workers show how tellurium double-headed nanobullets (TeDNBs)-HO is utilized to induce autophagy dysfunction. On the one hand, TeDNBs-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress could excessively induce autophagy; thus, resulting in autophagosome accumulation. On the other hand, omeprazole would deacidify and impair lysosomes, therefore blocking autophagosome degradation. More details can be found in article number 2201585.
Effective therapies for stroke are still limited due to its complex pathological manifestations. QiShenYiQi (QSYQ), a component-based Chinese medicine capable of reducing organ injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion, may offer an alternative option for stroke treatment and post-stroke recovery. Recently, we reported a beneficial effect of QSYQ for acute stroke via modulation of the neuroinflammatory response. However, if QSYQ plays a role in subacute stroke remains unknown. The pharmacological action of QSYQ was investigated in experimental stroke rats which underwent 90 min ischemia and 8 days reperfusion in this study. Neurological and locomotive deficits, cerebral infarction, brain edema, and BBB integrity were assessed. TMT-based quantitative proteomics were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins following QSYQ treatment. Immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, RT-qPCR, and ELISA were used to validate the proteomics data and to reveal the action mechanisms. Therapeutically, treatment with QSYQ (600 mg/kg) for 7 days significantly improved neurological recovery, attenuated infarct volume and brain edema, and alleviated BBB breakdown in the stroke rats. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that protein galectin-3 and its mediated inflammatory response was closely related to the beneficial effect of QSYQ. Specially, QSYQ (600 mg/kg) markedly downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of galectin-3, TNF-α, and IL-6 in CI/RI brain as well as serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Overall, our findings showed that the effective action of QSYQ against the subacute phase of CI/RI occurs partly via regulating galectin-3 mediated inflammatory reaction.
Abstract Nanoscale measurement is an essential task of nanomanufacturing, and measurement traceability is a fundamental aspect of nanoscale measurement. High-precision nanoscale measurement instruments (e.g. atomic force microscopes (AFM) and scanning electron microscopes (SEM)) need to be calibrated by traceable standards to ensure their accuracy and reliability. However, due to the suboptimal accuracy, uniformity, and consistency of existing standards, they need to be calibrated by metrological instruments traceable to primary length standards (e.g. physical wavelength standards) before use. This results in a long traceability chain that leads to error accumulation and significantly reduces calibration efficiency. This paper proposes a novel shortened and simplified traceability chain, where the physical wavelength standard corresponding to the 7 S 3 → 7 P 4 ° transition frequency of chromium atoms is materialized into self-traceable gratings using the atom lithography technology. The self-traceable gratings can then be directly applied for calibrating measurement instruments. To verify this approach, the self-traceable gratings are calibrated using a metrological AFM of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt. Measurement results confirmed the feasibility of the approach. Particularly, our results show that the self-traceable gratings have excellent uniformity over different measurement areas and consistency over different samples, both at 0.001 nm level. Finally, the application of the self-traceable gratings for the calibrations of a commercial AFM and SEM is demonstrated. The new traceability chain significantly simplifies the calibration process, providing a more reliable and higher efficient calibration approach for advanced nanomanufacturing than that of the state-of-the-art.
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for developing kidney disease. Current single-target antihypertensive drugs are not effective for hypertensive nephropathy, in part due to its less understood mechanism of pathogenesis. We recently showed that QiShenYiQi (QSYQ), a component-based cardiovascular Chinese medicine, is also effective for ischemic stroke. Given the important role of the brain-heart-kidney axis in blood pressure control, we hypothesized that QSYQ may contribute to blood pressure regulation and kidney protection in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.The therapeutic effects of QSYQ on blood pressure and kidney injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed with high salt for 9 weeks were evaluated by tail-cuff blood pressure monitoring, renal histopathological examination and biochemical indicators in urine and serum. RNA-seq was conducted to identify QSYQ regulated genes in hypertensive kidney, and RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting analysis were performed to verify the transcriptomics results and validate the purposed mechanisms.QSYQ treatment significantly decreased blood pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats, alleviated renal tissue damage, reduced renal interstitial fibrosis and collagen deposition, and improved renal physiological function. RNA-seq and subsequent bioinformatic analysis showed that the expression of ADRA1D and SIK1 genes were among the most prominently altered by QSYQ in salt-sensitive hypertensive rat kidney. RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results confirmed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (ADRA1D) in the kidney tissue of the QSYQ-treated rats were markedly down-regulated, while the mRNA and protein levels of salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) were significantly increased.QSYQ not only lowered blood pressure, but also alleviated renal damage via reducing the expression of ADRA1D and increasing the expression of SIK1 in the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.
Traceability of precision instrument and measuring method is the core issue in metrology science. In the field of nanometer length measurement, the laser interferometers are usually used to trace the measurement value to the laser wavelength, but the laser wavelength is sensitive to the environment disturbance. Chromium self-traceable grating is an ideal nanometer length reference grating with pitch traceability, fabricated by the atomic lithography technique. The new nanometer length traceability chain can be established based on the pitch traceability of chromium self-traceable grating, which is often used to calibrate the systematic error of the atomic force microscope. In this paper, the metrological self-mixing grating interferometer based on the chromium self-traceable grating (SMGI-Cr) is firstly established, whose interfere phase is traceable to the pitch of the chromium self-traceable grating directly and traceable to the chromium atomic transition frequency of energy level 7 S 3 to 7 P 4 indirectly. The nanometer displacement measurement is also achieved by the SMGI-Cr. The measurement error is no more than 0.2366%, compared to a commercial interferometer.
Abstract To overcome the autophagy compromised mechanism of protective cellular processes by “eating”/“digesting” damaged organelles or potentially toxic materials with autolysosomes in tumor cells, lysosomal impairment can be utilized as a traditional autophagy dysfunction route for tumor therapy; however, this conventional one‐way autophagy dysfunction approach is always limited by the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, an innovative pharmacological strategy that can excessively provoke autophagy via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implemented along with lysosomal impairment to enhance autophagy dysfunction. In this work, the prepared tellurium double‐headed nanobullets (TeDNBs) with controllable morphology are modified with human serum albumin (HSA) which facilitates internalization by tumor cells. On the one hand, ER stress can be stimulated by upregulating the phosphorylation eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (P‐eIF2α) owing to the production of tellurite (TeO 3 2− ) in the specifical hydrogen peroxide‐rich tumor environment; thus, autophagy overstimulation occurs. On the other hand, OME can deacidify and impair lysosomes by downregulating lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), therefore blocking autolysosome formation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the synthesized TeDNBs‐HSA/OME (TeDNBs‐HO) exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy by autophagy dysfunction through ER stress induction and lysosomal damnification. Thus, TeDNBs‐HO is verified to be a promising theranostic nanoagent for effective tumor therapy.
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a major contributor to the poor outcomes of septic shock. As an add-on with conventional sepsis management for over 15 years, the effect of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) on the sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction was not well understood. The material basis of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) in managing infections and infection-related complications remains to be defined. A murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and cardiomyocytes in vitro culture were adopted to study the influence of XBJ on infection-induced cardiac dysfunction. XBJ significantly improved the survival of septic-mice and rescued cardiac dysfunction in vivo . RNA-seq revealed XBJ attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and related signalings in the heart which was further confirmed on the mRNA and protein levels. Xuebijing also protected cardiomyocytes from LPS-induced mitochondrial calcium ion overload and reduced the LPS-induced ROS production in cardiomyocytes. The therapeutic effect of XBJ was mediated by the combination of paeoniflorin and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) (C0127-2). C0127-2 improved the survival of septic mice, protected their cardiac function and cardiomyocytes while balancing gene expression in cytokine-storm-related signalings, such as TNF-α and NF-κB. In summary, Paeoniflorin and HSYA are key active compounds in XBJ for managing sepsis, protecting cardiac function, and controlling inflammation in the cardiac tissue partially by limiting the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL2.
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