The pruning experiment was carried out in 12 year old Azadirachta indica (Neem) plantation at Pathamadai village, Seranmadevi Taluk, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu.The Neem trees were imposed with three pruning intensities (15 % pruning, 25 % pruning and 45 % pruning) and control for enhancing the flowering and fruiting in neem.The total nitrogen (2.351 %), total phosphorus (0.349 %), total potassium (0.214 %), chlorophyll 'a' (0.437 mg g -1 ), chlorophyll 'b' (0.677 mg g -1 ) and total chlorophyll (1.108 mg g -1 ) were found superior in T2 (25 % pruning) and the lowest leaf nutrient status in control.The maximum neem seed yield was exhibited in 25 per cent pruning with the seed yield of 3.80 kg. and the minimum was recorded in control (1.58 kg).To conclude the study, the moderate pruning in Neem tree enhanced the nutrient status in leaf and fruit yield.
Emergence of extended antibiotic resistance among several human bacterial pathogens often leads to the failure of existing antibiotics to treat bacterial infections worldwide. Hence, the present study is aimed to explore antibacterial activity of marine cyanobacterium against MDR pathogens. The cyanobacterial samples were collected and isolated from Thondi Palk Strait region. The isolate was subjected to polarity based solvent extraction and checked for their antibacterial activity against test bacterial pathogens. The active principles from chloroform extract of Oxynema thaianum (CEOT) were partially purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC). The active principle with highest activity was further characterized by FTIR, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. Among the eight extracts tested, CEOT showed effective zone of clearance against ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in disc diffusion method. In TLC, all the purified five fractions were eluted and tested for their antibacterial activity against test pathogens. The third fraction showing maximum activity was subjected to HPLC analysis for checking its purity. In GC‐MS analysis, 9‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid were identified as the major chemical compounds. Hence, the present study was concluded that O. thaianum ALU PBC5 is a promising agent to treat ESBL producing MDR bacterial pathogens. This is the pioneer study on screening and isolation of bioactive compounds from the marine cyanobacteria against MDR pathogens such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Here, 9‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and hexadecanoic acid were identified as the major chemical compounds through TLC, FTIR, HPLC and GC‐MS. From this screen, we identified the bioactive compounds against ESBL producing multidrug resistant pathogens such as E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
The Peristaltic flow of a fourth grade fluid between two porous walls with suction and injection is investigated.The perturbation technique in terms of small Deborah number is employed to determine the expressions for the velocity, the stream function, the pressure rise and friction force under long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions.The effects of different parameters on the pumping characteristics and frictional forces are discussed graphically.
Totally, 128 psychrophilic actinomycetes were isolated and 14 were found to be facultative psychrophilic which were selected to determine the antimycobacterial activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis. The results showed that, four strains were active against the test organism M. tuberculosis. The active isolates screened in the present study were found to be highly effective and comes under Streptomycetes species (RH7 and RH8), Micromonosporaspecies (RH9) and Micropolyspora species (RH12). All the isolates capable of producing metabolites and their presence were confirmed by TLC. The ‘active culture filtrate’ showed ‘only one band’ and its functional Group Is low molecular weight neutral compounds and amines were determined based on their solubility and pH.
Key words: Psychrophilic actinomycetes, glaciers, drug resistance, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis, primary amines.
The main requirement of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit is to be fast and low energy consumption. So, the analysis is done by optimizing the delay, which results in fast processing and low average energy consumed. A 3 transistor XNOR gate is proposed. The proposed XNOR gate is designed using CADENCE EDA tool and simulated using the SPECTRE VIRTUOSO at 90 nm technology. The results from the proposed system are compared with the previous existing designs in terms of power and delay. It is observed that the power consumption is reduced by 52.2 % for three transistor XNOR gate and 42.11 % for eight transistor full adder. It is also observed that the delay is reduced by 28.5 % for three transistors XNOR gate and 22.3 % for eight transistors full adder.
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