// Jie Cao 1, * , Dan Chen 1, * , Shanshan Huang 1 , Dawei Deng 1 , Liping Tang 2 , Yueqing Gu 1 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Yueqing Gu, email: guyueqingsubmission@hotmail.com Keywords: near-infrared light-triggered nanomicelles, photo-thermal therapy, chemotherapy, tumor targeting, paclitaxel Received: March 01, 2016 Accepted: May 12, 2016 Published: June 29, 2016 ABSTRACT A combination of chemo- and photo-thermal therapy (PTT) has provided a promising efficient approach for cancer therapy. To achieve the superior synergistic chemotherapeutic effect with PTT, the development of a simple theranostic nanoplatform that can provide both cancer imaging and a spatial-temporal synchronism of both therapeutic approaches are highly desired. Our previous study has demonstrated that near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered biodegradable chitosan-based amphiphilic block copolymer micelles (SNSC) containing light-sensitive 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol and NIR dye cypate on the hydrophobic block could be used for fast light-triggered drug release. In this study, we conjugated the SNSC micelles with tumor targeting ligand c(RGDyK) and also encapsulated antitumor drug Paclitaxel (PTX). The results show that c(RGDyK)-modified micelles could enhance the targeting and residence time in tumor site, as well as be capable performing high temperature response for PTT on cancer cells and two-photon photolysis for fast release of anticancer drugs under NIR irradiation. In vitro release profiles show a significant controlled release effort that the release concentration of PTX from micelles was significantly increased with the exposure of NIR light. In vitro and in vivo antitumor studies demonstrate that, compared with chemo or PTT treatment alone, the combined treatment with the local exposure of NIR light exhibited significantly enhanced anti-tumor efficiency. These findings indicate that this system exhibited great potential in tumor-targeting imaging and synchronous chemo- and photo-thermal therapy.
This chapter presents a contrastive analysis of complex nominals denoting instruments within the semantic field of cooking in four languages: Italian, Russian, Mandarin Chinese, and Japanese. The study takes an onomasiological perspective to word formation with an aim to detect the morphosyntactic strategies adopted by the four languages to express the same concepts. Based on data from a corpus of cooking recipes created ad hoc for this investigation, we classify complex nominals denoting instruments by employing the analytical tools of the onomasiological theory of word formation. The results of our analysis show that there is a correlation between onomasiological type and type of cooking instrument. The onomasiological type to which binominals belong is most frequently associated with instruments for serving food, in which the semantic relation between the two constituents is one of purpose. As for the morphosyntactic strategies employed, we found that Italian and Russian binominals are the result of derivation and adjectival or prepositional constructions, whereas Mandarin Chinese and Japanese use noun-noun compounding. Japanese frequently employs loanwords, which sometimes compete with compounds based on native or hybrid material.
Abstract Ethylamine has been widely used in production and life, but it needs to be monitored in real-time because of its important harm to human health. In this study, an SnO 2 /rGO nanocomposite gas sensitive material was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and the gas-sensing properties of ethylamine were tested by a self-made gas sensitivity test platform. The results show that the SnO2/rGO nanocomposite materials have good gas-sensitive performance of ethylamine and low detection limit (up to 1 ppm). Finally, the mechanism of gas sensitivity is proposed.
Phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes have emerged as promising photosensitizers (PSs) for clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their notable antitumor efficacy. However, their practical application is hindered by weak emission in...
Abstract Rare‐earth ions doped halide double perovskites are considered as promising luminescent materials. However, the contradiction of fluorescence quenching at high concentrations and the lack of sufficient upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) emitters remain a significant challenge. Here, a lead‐free Er 3+ ‐based halide double perovskite Cs 2 NaErCl 6 is reported, which exhibits bright orange and green UCPL emission under 980 and 808 nm laser excitation, respectively. Subsequently, the UCPL emission intensity is greatly enhanced and the emission color is tunable by introducing different energy trapping centers. Importantly, under 980 nm laser excitation, the facilely prepared Yb 3+ ‐ and Tm 3+ ‐doped Cs 2 NaErCl 6 perovskites exhibit remarkably efficient multicolor upconverting emission, which is comparable to or even outperformes the commercial UCPL phosphor prepared by the high‐temperature solid‐state method. Meanwhile, the UCPL mechanisms involved in the energy transfer upconversion and excited‐state absorption are also explored, which can promote a better understanding of the UCPL processes. Moreover, these efficient multimode luminescence features show great potential in anticounterfeiting applications.
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