Critical infrastructures are complex operating environments that often require special protection and security.A successful security strategy design should adhere to the principles of durability, integrity, and regularity.In the European Union, there is a strong interest in the security of critical infrastructures, especially those with interdependence.Given the fact that critical infrastructures play an essential role in a country's economy, it makes them even more vulnerable.The main aim of this article is to analyze the critical infrastructures' cyber security policy.The creation of a security strategy requires identification of the needs for equipment, mode of operation, and required security level.It has to establish rules for precise operation and handling of situations.The article tackles the issues of security strategy for critical infrastructures to protect sensitive areas and sectors.In addition, a cybersecurity policy as a countermeasure is discussed.
The digital world is changing quickly. One big area of focus is how artificial intelligence (AI) fits in with cybersecurity. New rules, like the NIS2 Directive, are pushing organizations to keep their systems secure. This research looks at how generative AI can help meet those safety standards. More companies are using generative AI for things like data creation and risk assessment. This gives them a chance to improve their security practices. We explore how AI tools, like machine learning and natural language processing, can help find weaknesses, predict threats, and respond to incidents. This way, companies can follow the tough rules set by NIS2. We analyze how AI is currently used in cybersecurity. The goal is to share best practices for using these technologies well. We also address the challenge of keeping new tech secure. In the end, we want to add to the conversation about AI and cybersecurity. We give advice for policymakers and business leaders on how to use generative AI as a smart tool for both innovation and meeting NIS2 requirements. This study highlights how generative AI can help improve cybersecurity while also fulfilling regulatory needs in today's tricky digital landscape.
Critical infrastructures are complex operating environments that often require special protection and security.A successful security strategy design should adhere to the principles of durability, integrity, and regularity.In the European Union, there is a strong interest in the security of critical infrastructures, especially those with interdependence.Given the fact that critical infrastructures play an essential role in a country's economy, it makes them even more vulnerable.The main aim of this article is to analyze the critical infrastructures' cyber security policy.The creation of a security strategy requires identification of the needs for equipment, mode of operation, and required security level.It has to establish rules for precise operation and handling of situations.The article tackles the issues of security strategy for critical infrastructures to protect sensitive areas and sectors.In addition, a cybersecurity policy as a countermeasure is discussed.
In today’s digital world, cybersecurity is super important for tech startups. This paper looks at why strong cybersecurity matters for these companies as they grow and innovate. Startups often deal with sensitive information and use the latest tech, which makes them easy targets for cyber attacks. That’s why they need strong security measures to protect their assets, keep customer trust, and follow the law. The paper starts by discussing the special challenges tech startups face. They usually have small budgets, work quickly, and deal with changing threats. Many startups focus on creating new tech but often ignore cybersecurity. They see it as something that slows them down, not as something key to their strategy. By looking at cases of both successful and unsuccessful startups, we can see how good cybersecurity can be part of a strong business plan that boosts their resilience and edge over competitors. It also talks about how cybersecurity helps with getting investors and forming partnerships. Cyber incidents can seriously harm a company’s reputation and finances. So, investors look for startups with solid cybersecurity practices. When startups prioritize security, they not only reduce risks but also show they can be trusted. The study shows that tech startups need to have a strong cybersecurity mindset that matches their growth goals. This means setting up security measures and creating a culture where everyone understands the importance of security. The paper finishes with suggestions on how startups can weave cybersecurity into their planning. It highlights the need for training, investing in security tools, and working with experts in cybersecurity. This research shows that cybersecurity is not just about following rules or managing risks. It’s a key part of what makes a tech startup valuable. It’s essential for handling the digital challenges and achieving long-term success.
Cyber attacks have become a major concern for organizations and individuals a like, as they continue to evolve in sophistication and scale. In response to this growing threat, information systems security has emerged as a critical area of research and practice. The objective of this study is to investigate and analyze various aspects related to information systems security, detection, and recovery from cyber attacks. The research methodology employed in this study encompasses a comprehensive literature review, case studies, and interviews with experts in the field, in order to identify key concepts and best practices in information systems security. The findings of this research reveal that effective measures for protecting information systems from cyber attacks involve a multi-layered approach, comprising of technical, organizational, and human factors. Technical measures involve the implementation of robust security systems, such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption protocols, to safeguard against unauthorized access. Furthermore, regular system updates and patches are crucial in mitigating vulnerabilities and preventing potential breaches. Recovery from cyber attacks is a critical aspect that organizations should consider. Prompt and effective response is crucial to minimize the impact of cyber attacks and restore normal operations. This study emphasizes the importance of having a well-defined incident response plan, which includes steps for containment, eradication, and recovery. Additionally, regular backups and disaster recovery plans are essential for data and system restoration. This research highlights the importance of information systems security, detection, and recovery from cyber attacks. It provides insights into the various measures and strategies that organizations can adopt to protect their systems and data. The findings of this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of information systems security and serve as a valuable resource for practitioners and policymakers. Further research in this area is recommended to address the evolving nature of cyber threats and the advancements in security technologies.
Without a doubt, artificial intelligence in today's era has made tremendous progress, it is all around us in various forms and automation. It is constantly evolving and the goal is to reach a level where it will be very close to human thought and logic and will be able to perform processes that were time-consuming, complex, or thought impossible until now. To implement all of the above, sophisticated algorithms and a large collection of data, known as Big Data, are required in order to extract the necessary information to be used later by the algorithms. All countries of the world do not apply the same policy to protect their citizens' personal data, some countries apply a strict policy and other countries do not apply any personal data protection policy. Big Data and artificial intelligence, unfortunately, do not discriminate between countries and the laws applied by the country, Big Data is collected from different sources, in different ways, and the way of processing varies. Given the above, it is impossible to apply the GDPR to limit and control the personal data of European citizens living in the European Union. Citizens of the European Union do not have the possibility to give their consent or not to the personal data collected and processed by third parties. It should be noted that the GDPR regulation is opt-in / opt-out which means that the European citizen should always give his/her consent to the collection, storage, and processing of personal data, he/she is also given the possibility to request the deletion of his/her personal data. This is a problem with Big Data, as there is no consent from the citizen. The European citizen, when he/she becomes aware of the leakage of his personal data, can do little to secure his personal data that has been leaked, he/she can report the leak to the competent authority for the protection of personal data, and the citizen himself can contact the company/organization directly from which it realized the projection of its personal data, can contact non-governmental organizations that deal with the protection of personal data, or proceed to third-party organizations that may be available in each country. It is true that the citizen has minimal capabilities, and his/her personal data that has been published and that he/she does not know to the real extent exists in data centers around the world, the citizen detected a specific leak of personal data, does not mean this are the unique personal data that exist for the specific citizen, there may be other personal data that either have not yet been processed or have not yet been identified by the algorithms.
This paper explores the unique challenges and opportunities that the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) presents for emerging startups across Europe. The Act aims to create a framework that emphasizes trust and ethical considerations in how artificial intelligence technologies are used. As a result, startups must navigate strict compliance requirements while also being key players in driving innovation. The analysis highlights some significant hurdles that the Act imposes, particularly for startups that often have limited resources. These challenges can be financial, operational, or strategic in nature. However, the study also looks at ways to balance the need for compliance with the need for flexibility and innovation. Potential strategies include using regulatory sandboxes, adopting risk-based compliance frameworks, and fostering collaborative partnerships. In conclusion, the paper suggests policy changes aimed at simplifying compliance processes, improving supportive infrastructures, and helping startups flourish in a landscape that is both regulated and focused on innovation. By tackling these intricate dynamics, the research underscores the potential for European startups to lead the way in the responsible development of AI technologies while still preserving their competitive edge in the market.
As the digital landscape continues to evolve, nations like France find themselves on the frontline of an escalating cyber warfare scenario. This abstract provides an insightful overview of the most significant types of cyber attacks that France is expected to face in the future, offering a comprehensive analysis based on current trends and emerging technologies. The research delves into the realm of advanced persistent threats (APTs), examining the sophisticated techniques employed by state-sponsored actors and cybercriminal organizations to compromise critical infrastructure, sensitive data, and national security. It explores the evolving landscape of ransomware attacks, focusing on the potential impact on both public and private sectors, and the looming threat of extortion campaigns that could cripple essential services. Furthermore, the abstract sheds light on the rising concern of supply chain attacks, as interconnected global networks make businesses and government entities vulnerable to malicious actors seeking to exploit weaknesses in third-party systems. The research also explores the nuances of social engineering attacks, recognizing the human element as a critical vulnerability that threat actors may exploit through targeted phishing campaigns and manipulation tactics. In addition, the abstract touches upon the growing menace of Internet of Things (IoT) vulnerabilities, acknowledging the increased interconnectivity of devices and the potential for large-scale disruptions. It also considers the implications of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and quantum computing in shaping the future threat landscape. By examining these diverse aspects of cyber threats, this abstract aims to provide a forward-looking perspective on the challenges France is likely to encounter in the digital realm. As Cyber security becomes an integral component of national defense, understanding these anticipated threats is crucial for policymakers, security experts, and technology professionals seeking to fortify France’s resilience against the evolving nature of cyber attacks.
Smart phone surveillance is a sensitive issue, so topical and important, which is about everyday life of all of us, I am talking about the smart phones, small smart phones, these small but powerful computers that everybody use them every day by doing more internet browsing rather than doing calls. The questions that arise about the security of smart phones are many, for example: may someone watch us? may the government hear what we saying and what messages we send? may they know our location? How much important meta-data is and to what extent it can reveal important information about the subscriber’s identity and how it relates to privacy and personal data. Finally, it is worth mentioning the participation of mobile phone providers in various government monitoring projects of the citizens either with targeted software which is not detectable, or with the direct access to the Servers of the providers for copying sensitive information without of course the consent of the subscribers. Such projects are the Carnivore, Prism, and other projects, and the countries involved in information exchange programs are behind lists identified as 5 Eyes, 9 Eyes, and 14 Eyes.
Industrial control systems (ICS) are critical, as in these systems, cyber threats have the potential to affect, disorganize, change their mode of operation, act as an information extraction vehicle, and ultimately turn against itself. Creating risks to the system itself, infrastructure, downtime, leakage of sensitive data, and even loss of human life. Industrial control systems (ICS) are vital to the operation of all the modern automated infrastructure in the western world, such as power plant and power stations. Industrial control systems (ICS) differ from the traditional information systems and infrastructures of organizations and companies, a standard cyber security strategy cannot be implemented but part of it adapting to the real facts and needs of each country, legislation and infrastructure
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