Léa Roumazeilles

Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging

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Jérôme Sallet

Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau

Rogier B. Mars

University of Oxford

Karla L. Miller

University of Oxford

Alexandre A. Khrapitchev

Medical Research Council

Benjamin C. Tendler

Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging

Katherine Bryant

John Radcliffe Hospital

Matthew F. S. Rushworth

John Radcliffe Hospital

Davide Folloni

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Paul R. Manger

University of the Witwatersrand

Lianne H. Scholtens

Amsterdam Neuroscience

Cooperative Institutions

University of Oxford

Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Inserm

John Radcliffe Hospital

Wellcome Trust

Sorbonne Université

Allen Institute for Brain Science

Radboud University Nijmegen

National Institutes of Health

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Differential functional connectivity underlying asymmetric reward-related activity in human and non-human primates

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2020)

Alizée Lopez‐Persem Léa Roumazeilles Davide Folloni Kévin Marche Elsa Fouragnan

Abstract The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a key brain region involved in complex cognitive functions such as reward processing and decision-making. Neuroimaging studies have shown unilateral OFC response to reward-related variables, however, those studies rarely discussed the lateralization of this effect. Yet, some lesion studies suggest that the left and right OFC contribute differently to cognitive processes. We hypothesized that the OFC asymmetrical response to reward could reflect underlying hemispherical difference in OFC functional connectivity. Using restingstate and reward-related MRI data from humans and from rhesus macaques, we first identified a specific asymmetrical response of the lateral OFC to reward in both species. Crucially, the subregion showing the highest reward-related asymmetry (RRA) overlapped with the region showing the highest functional connectivity asymmetry (FCA). Furthermore, the two types of functional asymmetries were found to be significantly correlated across humans. Altogether, our results suggest a similar pattern of functional specialization between the left and right OFC is present in two primate species.

Orbitofrontal cortex

Human brain

Functional specialization

10.1101/2020.01.13.904565

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Citations (1)

Gorilla and Chimpanzee Brains

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2020)

Léa Roumazeilles Nicole Eichert Katherine Bryant Davide Folloni Jèrôme Sallet

This repository contains data associated with the following publication: Longitudinal connections and the organization of the temporal cortex in macaques, great apes, and humans Authors: Roumazeilles L, Eichert N, Bryant KL, Folloni D, Sallet J, Vijayakumar S, Foxley S, Tendler BC, Jbabdi S, Reveley C, Verhagen L, Dershowitz LB, Guthrie M, Flach E, Miller KL, Mars RB.
The text files 'dataset_loc_chimpanzee.txt' and 'dataset_loc_gorilla.txt' contain a link to the datasets. More information can be found in the 'dataset_info.txt' file.

Gorilla

10.5281/zenodo.3901205

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Comparative neuroimaging of the carnivoran brain: Neocortical sulcal anatomy

Magdalena Boch Katrin Karadachka Kep Kee Loh R. Austin Benn Léa Roumazeilles

Carnivorans are an important study object for comparative neuroscience, as they exhibit a wide range of behaviours, ecological adaptations, and social structures. Previous studies have mainly examined relative brain size, but a comprehensive understanding of brain diversity requires the investigation of other aspects of their neuroanatomy. Here, we obtained primarily post-mortem brain scans from eighteen species of the order Carnivora, reconstructed their cortical surfaces, and examined neocortical sulcal anatomy to establish a framework for systematic inter-species comparisons. We observed distinct regional variations in sulcal anatomy, potentially related to the species’ behaviour and ecology. Arctoidea species with pronounced forepaw dexterity exhibited complex sulcal configurations in the presumed somatosensory cortex but low sulcal complexity in the presumed visual and auditory occipitotemporal cortex. Canidae had the largest number of unique major sulci with a unique sulcus in the occipital cortex and highly social canids featuring an additional frontal cortex sulcus. We also observed differentially complex occipito-temporal sulcal patterns in Felidae and Canidae, indicative of changes in auditory and visual areas that may be related to foraging strategies and social behaviour. In conclusion, this study presents an inventory of the sulcal anatomy of a number of rarely studied carnivoran brains and establishes a framework and novel avenues for further investigations employing a variety of neuroimaging modalities to reveal more about carnivoran brain diversity.

Brain Anatomy

Encephalization

Neocortex

10.7554/elife.100851.1

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Gorilla and Chimpanzee Brains

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2020)

Léa Roumazeilles Nicole Eichert Katherine Bryant Davide Folloni Jèrôme Sallet

Gorilla

10.5281/zenodo.3901206

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Social prediction modulates activity of macaque superior temporal cortex

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2021)

Léa Roumazeilles Matthias Schurz Mathilde Lojkiewiez Lennart Verhagen Urs Schüffelgen

Abstract The ability to attribute thoughts to others, also called theory of mind (TOM), has been extensively studied. Computationally, the basis of TOM in humans has been interpreted within the predictive coding framework and associated with activity in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ). However, the evolutionary origins of these human mindreading abilities have been challenged since the concept was coined. Here we identify a brain region in the Rhesus macaque that shares computational properties with the human TPJ. We revealed, using a non-linguistic task and functional magnetic resonance imaging, that activity in a region of the macaque middle superior temporal cortex was specifically modulated by the predictability of social interactions. As in human TPJ, this region could be distinguished from other temporal regions involved in face processing. Our result suggests the existence of a precursor for the theory of mind ability in the last common ancestor of human and old-world monkeys.

Predictability

Predictive coding

Rhesus macaque

Temporal cortex

Temporoparietal junction

10.1101/2021.01.22.427803

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Citations (15)

Offline impact of transcranial focused ultrasound on cortical activation in primates

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2018)

Lennart Verhagen Cécile Galléa Davide Folloni Charlotte Constans Daria EA Jensen

Abstract To understand brain circuits it is necessary both to record and manipulate their activity. Transcranial ultrasound (TUS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique. To date, investigations have focused on short-lived neuromodulatory effects, but to deliver on its full potential for research and therapy, ultrasound protocols are required that induce longer-lasting ‘offline’ changes. Here, we present a TUS protocol that modulates brain activation in macaques for more than one hour after 40 seconds of stimulation, while circumventing auditory confounds. Normally activity in brain areas reflects activity in interconnected regions but TUS’ impact can be demonstrated by showing such patterns change for stimulated areas. We report regionally specific TUS effects for two medial frontal brain regions – supplementary motor area and frontal polar cortex. Independently of these site-specific effects, TUS also induced signal changes in the meningeal compartment. TUS effects were temporary and not associated with microstructural changes.

Motor area

Brain stimulation

10.1101/342337

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Citations (8)

Longitudinal connections and the organization of the temporal cortex in macaques, great apes, and humans

PLoS Biology (2020)

Léa Roumazeilles Nicole Eichert Katherine Bryant Davide Folloni Jérôme Sallet

The temporal association cortex is considered a primate specialization and is involved in complex behaviors, with some, such as language, particularly characteristic of humans. The emergence of these behaviors has been linked to major differences in temporal lobe white matter in humans compared with monkeys. It is unknown, however, how the organization of the temporal lobe differs across several anthropoid primates. Therefore, we systematically compared the organization of the major temporal lobe white matter tracts in the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee great apes and in the macaque monkey. We show that humans and great apes, in particular the chimpanzee, exhibit an expanded and more complex occipital–temporal white matter system; additionally, in humans, the invasion of dorsal tracts into the temporal lobe provides a further specialization. We demonstrate the reorganization of different tracts along the primate evolutionary tree, including distinctive connectivity of human temporal gray matter.

Rhesus macaque

Temporal cortex

Gorilla

10.1371/journal.pbio.3000810

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Citations (77)

It is all about the support — The role of the extracellular matrix in regenerating axon guidance

Cell Adhesion & Migration (2018)

Léa Roumazeilles Nikolaos Dokalis Eva Kaulich Vincent Lelièvre

Although it is known for long time that the peripheral nervous system has the capacity for self-regeneration, the molecular mechanisms by which Schwann cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) guide the injured axons to regrow along their original path, remains a poorly understood process. Due to the importance of ECM molecules during development, constitutive mutant organisms display increased lethality, therefore, conditional or inducible strategies have been used to increase the survival of the organisms and allow the study of the role of ECM proteins. In a recent report published in Neuron, Isaacman-Beck and colleagues (2015) used these pioneering genetic studies on zebrafish combined with in vivo fluorescent imaging, to investigate the micro-environmental conditions required for targeted regeneration of the dorsal motor nerve of zebrafish larvae after laser-transection. A candidate gene approach targeting lh3 basal laminar collagen substrates revealed that the lh3 substrate col4α5 regulates dorsal nerve regeneration by destabilizing misdirected axons. Col4α5 was upregulated in a small population of lh3 expressing Schwann cells located ventrally and ventro-laterally to the injury site and found to co-localize with the molecule slit guidance ligand 1 (slit1a). Capitalizing on the crucial observations of mistargeted regeneration of dorsal nerves in mutant larvae, they put forward a model in which Schwann cells shape an environment that allows and directs axonal regeneration to their original synaptic target. In the light of Isaacman-Beck and colleagues (2015) findings, we will review how their study contributes to the research field, and comment on its potential implications for promoting nerve regeneration after injury.

Schwann cell

10.1080/19336918.2017.1291481

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Citations (16)

Accelerating the Evolution of Nonhuman Primate Neuroimaging

Neuron (2020)

Michael P. Milham Christopher I. Petkov Daniel S. Margulies Charles E. Schroeder Michele A. Basso

Non human primate

Human Connectome Project

10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.023

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Citations (115)

Cortical Morphology and White Matter Tractography of Three Phylogenetically Distant Primates: Evidence for a Simian Elaboration

Cerebral Cortex (2021)

Léa Roumazeilles Frederik J. Lange R. Austin Benn Jesper Andersson Mads F. Bertelsen

Comparative neuroimaging has been used to identify changes in white matter architecture across primate species phylogenetically close to humans, but few have compared the phylogenetically distant species. Here, we acquired postmortem diffusion imaging data from ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), black-capped squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis), and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We were able to establish templates and surfaces allowing us to investigate sulcal, cortical, and white matter anatomy. The results demonstrate an expansion of the frontal projections of the superior longitudinal fasciculus complex in squirrel monkeys and rhesus macaques compared to ring-tailed lemurs, which correlates with sulcal anatomy and the lemur's smaller prefrontal granular cortex. The connectivity of the ventral pathway in the parietal region is also comparatively reduced in ring-tailed lemurs, with the posterior projections of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus not extending toward parietal cortical areas as in the other species. In the squirrel monkeys we note a very specific occipito-parietal anatomy that is apparent in their surface anatomy and the expansion of the posterior projections of the optical radiation. Our study supports the hypothesis that the connectivity of the prefrontal-parietal regions became relatively elaborated in the simian lineage after divergence from the prosimian lineage.

Lemur catta

Prosimian

10.1093/cercor/bhab285

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Citations (17)