Eleonora Aiassa

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

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Francesco Ingravalle

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Giuseppe Ru

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Cristiana Maurella

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

R. Possidente

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Valeria Massarotto

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Laura Chiavacci

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Paola Barzanti

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Maria Ines Crescio

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Silvia Colussi

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Simone Peletto

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

Cooperative Institutions

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta

University of Turin

Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut

University of Edinburgh

Roslin Institute

Interaction Hôtes Agents Pathogènes

École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse

Cairo University

University of Milan

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie

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A Syndromic surveillance system to monitor dairy cattle mortality

ISEE Conference Abstracts (2016)

Maria Ines Crescio Valeria Massarotto Eleonora Aiassa Francesco Ingravalle Cristiana Maurella

Firstly developed to react to bioterrorism threats and to detect emerging diseases (e.g., respiratory illnesses like influenza and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), syndromic surveillance (SyS) soon showed its potential for epidemiological surveillance in both human and veterinary medicine. Since mortality is a basic indicator of health, understanding its epidemiology is fundamental for effective public health practice: monitoring of excess cattle mortality has proven useful for detecting disease epidemics, like Bluetongue serotype 8 in France, and to assess the impact of extreme environmental conditions such as heat waves. Here we describe how we set up and evaluated a veterinary SyS system in Piedmont, northwest Italy, to capture outbreaks of anomalous mortality in dairy cattle by using Italian National Cattle Registry data. Situational awareness was achieved through descriptive and summary statistics and longitudinal modelling (Poisson regression, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models). Early event detection was implemented by statistical process control methods, including Shewhart and exponentially weighted moving average charts. SyS performance was assessed on real data and by simulating anomalous peaks in mortality (outbreaks) of different shape, magnitude, and duration. The SyS signalled 13 outbreaks in a 4-year period (2011-2014), most of which attributable to extreme weather conditions. Given the occurrence of climate changes these conditions are expected to recur frequently, and to play a role in adversely affecting dairy productions. Detection of outbreak simulations showed high specificity, whereas sensitivity varied according to the shape, magnitude, and duration of outbreaks. Our EED may serve as a model for setting up veterinary SyS in other European Union countries that share similar mandatory data collection systems. Moreover, it can be a viable approach toward implementing a common European strategy to analyse cattle mortality data.

Disease Surveillance

10.1289/isee.2016.3326

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Differences in distribution of the atypical scrapie in Italy can be in part explained by the level of surveillance applied.

International Conference on Animal Health Surveillance (ICAHS), Lyon, France, 17-20 May, 2011. (2011)

Silvia Bertolini Cristina Bona R. Possidente Eleonora Aiassa Francesco Ingravalle

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Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats

Veterinary Research (2018)

Paola Sacchi Roberto Rasero Giuseppe Ru Eleonora Aiassa Silvia Colussi

The European Union has implemented breeding programmes to increase scrapie resistance in sheep. A similar approach can be applied also in goats since the K222 allele provides a level of resistance equivalent to that of ARR in sheep. The European Food Safety Authority stated that breeding for resistance could be offered as an option for Member States to control classical scrapie in goats. We assessed the impact of different breeding strategies on PRNP genotype frequencies using a mathematical model that describes in detail the evolution of K222 in two goat breeds, Chamois Coloured and Saanen. Different patterns of age structure and replacement rate were modelled as factors affecting response to selection. Breeding for scrapie resistance can be implemented in goats, even though the initial K222 frequencies in these breeds are not particularly favourable and the rate at which the resistant animals increase, both breeding and slaughtered for meat production, is slow. If the goal is not to achieve the fixation of resistance allele, it is advisable to carry out selection only until a desired frequency of K222-carriers has been attained. Nucleus selection vs. selection on the overall populations is less expensive but takes longer to reach the desired output. The programme performed on the two goat breeds serves as a model of the response the selection could have in other breeds that show different initial frequencies and population structure. In this respect, the model has a general applicability.

PRNP

Selective breeding

10.1186/s13567-018-0518-x

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