This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of

Prejudice (legal term)

Investment

10.1787/e2ee1eb1-en

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Update on Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa: Role in Primary Coronary Intervention

Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (2011)

Andrea Rognoni Alessandro Lupi Gioel Gabrio Secco Chiara Cavallino Mara Sansa

Coronary artery diseases continue to be the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in the industrialized world, especially in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Platelets play a crucial role in thrombosis and haemostasis, which can be either beneficial or deleterious, depending on the circumstances. Platelet hyperreactivity is a multifactor process depending on genetic polymorphism, pathological state and lifestyle; it contributes to the activation of the thrombotic cascade. Under pathophysiological conditions platelets activation plays a critical role in arterial thrombosis including platelets aggregation, the basis of destabilization of coronary plaque. Despite the benefits observed in outcome when primary angioplasty is compared with thrombolysis for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction there is still some room for improvement; unfortunately the restoration of an “optimal” epicardial flow is not always related to an “optimal” myocardial reperfusion. In the recent, past several studies have shown significant benefits with the administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Thus, the aim of the present review is to perform an update on factors associated with platelets hyperactivity and on adjunctive glycoprotein IIb – IIIa inhibitors in primary angioplasty. Keywords: STEMI, PCI, GP IIb/IIIa, Abciximab, Tifofiban, Eptifibatide, no reflow phenomenon, microvascular disease, sistolic dysfunction, coronary thrombosis

Abciximab

Eptifibatide

Coronary thrombosis

10.2174/187152511796196524

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Editorial (Thematic Issue: Multidisciplinary Imaging of the Coronary Circulation: A Fast Moving Field)

Recent Patents on Medical Imaging (2014)

Alessandro Lupi

Imaging of the coronary circulation is a critical clinical topic, as only the best knowledge of coronary anatomy allows efficacious and safe coronary interventions [1]. However this is a fast moving field, with new techniques continuously added to the inventory of the cardiologists and with new evidence supporting such techniques continuously accumulating in literature [2]. Such needs largely justify the present monothematic issue which collects up to date information regarding coronary multimodality imaging. The backbone of coronary imaging, coronary angiography, is turning to the trans-radial approach, which offers important advantages both in terms of patient satisfaction and prognosis. This topic is tackled by the review by Rognoni et al. [3], describing the principles of quantitative coronary angiography, a robust method that nowadays allows researchers to assess the impact of the process of atherosclerosis on the lumen of the coronary artery and to establish over time whether an intervention attenuates progression or regression of atherosclerotic disease. In this paper the latest developments of computer assisted assessment of coronary artery luminograms are described and the limitations and difficulties related to interpretation of the angiographic information are discussed. The probably most dynamic field of cardiac and coronary imaging is constituted by the tomographic imaging techniques, among which cardiac and coronary CT-scan and cardiac magnetic resonance are gaining more and more favor to assess cardiac and coronary anatomy as well as the consequences of coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia and necrosis. CT-scan of coronary arteries are becoming better and better in selecting patients for subsequent coronary interventions with magnificent 3- D reconstructions of the whole coronary tree. These topics are widely discussed by the reviews of Schaffer et al. [4]. Finally, the most exciting evolution has involved the invasive coronary imaging: IVUS, with particular attention to newer development of the technique, that is to say radiofrequency IVUS (virtual histology) for vulnerable coronary plaques detection; fractional flow reserve, which adds to coronary angiography fundamental functional information to guide coronary interventions; and finally optical coherence tomography which with its amazing resolution power can detect stent endothelization with details comparable to an histological examination. These fields are exhaustively covered in the reviews of Barbieri et al. [5] and the paper from the group of Imperial College of London lead by Prof Di Mario [6]. To finally turn the readers’ attention to the clinical point of view, the reviews of Lupi et al. [7] and Nardi et al. [8] address two of the most exciting imaging problems in the clinical cardiology, the search for vulnerable coronary plaques and the detection of cardioembolic sources.

Coronary arteries

Cardiac Imaging

Coronary atherosclerosis

Coronary circulation

Lumen (anatomy)

10.2174/221068470401140908095907

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Italian Real-World Analysis of the Impact of Polypharmacy and Aging on the Risk of Multiple Drug–Drug Interactions (DDIs) in HCV Patients Treated with Pangenotypic Direct-Acting Antivirals (pDAA)

Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management (2023)

S. Fagiuoli Pierluigi Toniutto Nicola Coppola Domenica Ancona Margherita Andretta

The study aims at investigating the impact of polymedication and aging in the prevalence of multiple drug-drug interactions (DDIs) on HCV patients treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB).This is a retrospective analysis based on administrative data covering around 6.9 million individuals. Patients treated with SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB over November 2017-March 2020 were included. Index date corresponded to SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB first prescription during such period; patients were followed up for treatment duration. Analyses were then focused on patients with ≥2 comedications at risk of multiple DDIs. The severity and the effect of multiple DDI were identified using the Liverpool University tool.A total of 2057 patients with SOF/VEL and 2128 with GLE/PIB were selected. Mean age of SOF/VEL patients was 58.5 years, higher than GLE/PIB ones (52.5 years) (p < 0.001), and patients >50 years were more present in SOF/VEL vs GLE/PIB cohorts: 72% vs 58%, (p < 0.001). Most prescribed co-medications were cardiovascular, alimentary and nervous system drugs. Proportion of patients with ≥2 comedications was higher in SOF/VEL compared to GLE/PIB cohort (56.5% vs 32.3%, p < 0.001). Those at high-risk of multiple DDIs accounted for 11.6% (N = 135) of SOF/VEL and 19.6% (N = 135) of GLE/PIB (p < 0.001) patients with ≥2 comedications. Among them, the potential effect of DDI was a decrease of DAA serum levels (11% of SOF/VEL and GLE/PIB patients) and an increased concentration of comedication serum levels (14% of SOF/VEL and 42% of GLE/PIB patients).This real-world analysis provided a thorough characterization on the burden of polymedication regimens in HCV patients treated with SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB that expose such patients to an increased risk of DDIs. In our sample population, SOF/VEL regimen was more frequently detected on elderly patients and on those with ≥2 comedications at risk of multi-DDI, ie, among patients characterized by higher rates of comorbidities and polypharmacy.

Sofosbuvir

10.2147/tcrm.s394467

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Annual average compensation of central government middle managers relative to GDP per capita

Government at a glance (2017)

Guillaume Lafortune Alessandro Lupi Rebecca Schultz Reginald Dadzie Julia Smadja

Governments in OECD countries operate in an economic, social and political environment which is increasingly complex and unpredictable.In this context, governments are striving to design and implement reforms that support inclusive growth, improve access to and quality of public services while also ensuring high value for money to address persisting budget constraints.Government at a Glance 2017 provides a wealth of evidence on public practices and procedures to inform public sector reforms in member countries and partner countries.This editions contains the most recent data on public finance and public employment, as well as a number of survey data on public practices and procedures (including for instance budgeting practices and procedures, human resource management, public sector integrity, regulatory governance, open government and risk management and communication) and two chapters on results and outcomes of government operations.In this edition, the opening chapter uses indicators presented in the publication to provide policy insights on how to deal with complexity with a particular focus on integrating systems thinking and new working methods and tools in government, leveraging the wealth of data and evidence available and opening up government processes to stakeholders for better results.

10.1787/gov_glance-2017-graph60-en

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Solde budgétaire des différents niveaux d'administration, en % du PIB (2015 et 2016)

Panorama des administrations publiques (2017)

Guillaume Lafortune Alessandro Lupi Rebecca Schultz Reginald L'assistance De Julia Dadzie

exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région.

Economic rent

10.1787/gov_glance-2017-graph15-fr

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Critical infrastructure strategy, definition and national inventories, 2016 and 2019

Government at a glance (2021)

Barbara Baredes Conor Das-Doyle Santiago González Alessandro Lupi Mariana Prats

This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of

Prejudice (legal term)

10.1787/f1402632-en

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Formal requirements and initiatives for data inventories, sharing and ethics, 2019

Government at a glance (2021)

Barbara Baredes Conor Das-Doyle Santiago González Alessandro Lupi Mariana Prats

This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of

Prejudice (legal term)

Data Sharing

10.1787/0c0a4496-en

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Author Index

Journal of Biological Chemistry (1996)

E Birgit A Helm Ian Sayers Adrian Higginbottom Denise Cantarelli Machado

Purification and characterization of intact and truncated forms of the Excherichia coli biotin carboxyl carrier subunit

10.1016/s0021-9258(17)45102-7

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