Rik Wanninkhof

NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories

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Co-Authors

Richard A. Feely

NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

157

Denis Pierrot

NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories

136

Are Olsen

University of Bergen

Bronte Tilbrook

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Dorothée C. E. Bakker

University of East Anglia

Nicolas Metzl

Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques

Mario Hoppema

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Nicolas Gruber

ETH Zurich

Peter Landschützer

Max Planck Institute for Meteorology

Siv K. Lauvset

NORCE Norwegian Research Centre

Cooperative Institutions

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

353

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

200

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

163

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

134

University of Washington

127

University of Colorado Boulder

121

NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory

107

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

105

University of Miami

105

Goddard Space Flight Center

104

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Comment on essd-2024-59

Li‐Qing Jiang Tim Boyer Christopher R. Paver Hyelim Yoo James R. Reagan

Abstract. Climatologies, which depict mean fields of oceanographic variables on a regular geographic grid, and atlases, which provide graphical depictions of specific areas, play pivotal roles in comprehending the societal vulnerabilities linked to ocean acidification (OA). This significance is particularly pronounced in coastal regions where most economic activities related to commercial and recreational fisheries as well as aquaculture industries occur. In this paper, we unveil a comprehensive data product featuring coastal climatologies and atlases for ten OA indicators, including fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on the total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. These indicators are provided on 1°×1° degree spatial grids at 14 standardized depth levels, ranging from the surface to a depth of 500 meters, along the North American ocean margins – defined as the region between the coastline and a distance of 200 nautical miles (∼370 km) offshore. The climatologies and atlases were developed using the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) gridding methods of the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), based on the recently released Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA), along with the 2021 update to the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2.2021) data product. The relevant variables were adjusted to the index year of 2010. The data product is available in NetCDF (DOI: 10.25921/g8pb-zy76) at the NOAA Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0270962.html. It is recommended to use the objectively analyzed mean fields (with "_an" suffix) for each variable. The atlases can be accessed at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/nacoastal.html.

10.5194/essd-2024-59-rc2

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An assessment of CO2 storage and sea-air fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea between 1985 and 2018

Authorea (Authorea) (2024)

Fı́z F. Pérez Fı́z F. Pérez M. Becker Nadine Goris Marion Gehlen

From 1985 to 2018, pCO2 products suggest a lower mean CO2 uptake (0.36±0.06 PgC yr -1 ) than ocean models (0.47±0.15 PgC yr -1 )• Since 2000, the CO2 uptake is increasing twice as fast in the pCO2 products compared to the models.• Major differences between models and pCO2 products are attributed to the outgassing of riverine carbon and the seasonal cycle of pCO2.

10.22541/essoar.170256825.55098483/v3

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Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (2023)

Li‐Qing Jiang John P. Dunne Brendan R. Carter Jerry Tjiputra Jens Terhaar

Abstract Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, and guiding society's mitigation and adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model‐data fusion product covering 10 global surface OA indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational ocean carbon data products. The indicators include fugacity of carbon dioxide, pH on total scale, total hydrogen ion content, free hydrogen ion content, carbonate ion content, aragonite saturation state, calcite saturation state, Revelle Factor, total dissolved inorganic carbon content, and total alkalinity content. The evolution of these OA indicators is presented on a global surface ocean 1° × 1° grid as decadal averages every 10 years from preindustrial conditions (1750), through historical conditions (1850–2010), and to five future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5. These OA trajectories represent an improvement over previous OA data products with respect to data quantity, spatial and temporal coverage, diversity of the underlying data and model simulations, and the provided SSPs. The generated data product offers a state‐of‐the‐art research and management tool for the 21st century under the combined stressors of global climate change and ocean acidification. The gridded data product is available in NetCDF at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html , and global maps of these indicators are available in jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html .

Earth system science

Ocean Acidification

NetCDF

Global Change

10.1029/2022ms003563

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Citations (50)

Transient tracers and air‐sea gas transfer

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1998)

William E. Asher Rik Wanninkhof

This paper provides a review of the physics and chemistry associated with air‐sea gas transfer of transient atmospheric trace gases and the available laboratory and field measurement techniques used to study air‐water gas transfer. The mechanistic principles and their relation to the measurement techniques are used to show that the error associated with estimating air‐sea transfer velocities of transient tracers from transfer velocities measured using proxy tracers can be significant if an incorrect dependence of the transfer velocity on molecular diffusivity is assumed. Bubble‐mediated transfer processes are also demonstrated to have a significant effect on the parameterization of the transfer velocity.

Trace gas

Transient (computer programming)

10.1029/98jc00379

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Citations (52)

Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Allure of the Seas cruise BHAF20160904

NOAA-Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami (2017)

Rik Wanninkhof Denis Pierrot

Physical oceanography

10.1594/pangaea.878636

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Air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Caribbean Sea from 2002–2004

Journal of Marine Systems (2006)

Rik Wanninkhof Are Olsen Joaquín Triñanes

10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.11.014

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Citations (42)

Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Ronald H. Brown cruise 33RO20160105

NOAA-Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami (2017)

Rik Wanninkhof Denis Pierrot

Physical oceanography

10.1594/pangaea.878366

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Comment on essd-2023-429

Amanda R. Fay David R. Munro Galen A. McKinley Denis Pierrot Stewart C Sutherland

Abstract. The late Taro Takahashi (LDEO/Columbia University) provided the first near-global monthly air-sea CO₂ flux climatology in Takahashi et al. (1997), based on available surface water partial pressure of CO₂ measurements. This product has been a benchmark for uptake of CO₂ in the ocean. Several versions have been provided since, with improvements in procedures and large increases in observations, culminating in the authoritative assessment in Takahashi et al. (2009). Here we provide and document the last iteration using a greatly increased dataset (SOCATv2022) and determining fluxes using air-sea partial pressure differences as a climatological reference for the period 1980–2021. The resulting net flux for the open ocean region is estimated as -1.79 PgC yr^-1 which compares well with other global mean flux estimates. While global flux results are consistent, differences in regional means and seasonal amplitudes are discussed. Consistent with other studies, we find the largest differences in the data-sparse southeast Pacific and Southern Ocean.

Benchmark (surveying)

10.5194/essd-2023-429-rc1

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Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Las Cuevas cruise 74X120110106

NOAA-Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami (2017)

Rik Wanninkhof Denis Pierrot

Physical oceanography

10.1594/pangaea.878496

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Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Ronald Brown cruise NOPP99_L2