The increase in the number of waste piles in Indonesia has reached 175,000 tons/day or the equivalent of 64 million tons/year. In the health sector, synthetic plastics are used as materials for making packaged medicine bottles and infusion bottles. Polypropylene synthetic plastics are very slow to degrade, making them a major problem in environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the type of bacteria and the ability of bacterial isolates to degrade polypropylene plastics. The research methods used include characterization of bacterial isolates macroscopicly, microscopicly, biochemical tests, then polypropylene synthetic plastic biodegradation tests were carried out during the incubation period of 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks using an incubator shaker device. The results of this study obtained 4 bacterial isolates that can decompose polypropylene plastic from seawater samples in Padang City. The results of the isolation of polypropylene plastic bacteria from seawater samples in Padang City ILT-14 bacterial isolate based on macroscopic characteristics. and molecular identification was carried out in the LIPI biotechnology testing laboratory by the 16S rRNA gene deritimization method obtained polypropylene plastic scavenging bacterial species, namely: ILT-14 has similarities with Stenotropomonas Maltophilia. With a 30-day polypropylene plastic decomposer percentage of 10.8%. The difference in FTIR analysis was in the percentage value of carbon group transmission, and the aromatic group decreased. When compared to plastic before it was degraded and there was a decrease in percent. Microscopy Electron Scanning (SEM) Analysis of ILR-14 polypropylene plastic isolate of bacteria isolated is able to break down complex polymers into monomer forms
Research on the antibacterial potency of fresh extract from leaves of Jamaican cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae had been conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University. The study aimed to determine the potential of fresh extract from Jamaican cherry leaves in inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae and to determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against S. dysenteriae. The results showed that the fresh extract of Jamaican cherry leaves was potent as an antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria S. dysenteriae. It was shown through 12 - 14 mm diameter of inhibition zone which was classified as strong inhibition. The MIC was measured at 3.125% while MBC was undetermined. According to these findings, it can be concluded that the fresh extract from Jamaican cherry leaves was potent to inhibit the growth of S.dysentriae at 3.125% concentration, yet unable to kill it.
Protease is a vital enzyme used in industries such as detergents, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed, with a growing demand in the enzyme market. Endophytic microorganisms can produce stable proteases with a rapid synthesis process. This study optimized conditions of temperature, pH, salinity, agitation, and nutrient sources for protease production by EUA-136 and EUA-139 bacterial isolates. The research used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) in Design Expert Software 13.1 to identify optimal conditions and the bacterial isolates. The optimum conditions for the EUA-136 bacterial isolate to produce protease were 3% inoculum at 30 ºC, pH 7, 28.5 ppt salinity, and 150 rpm agitation. For the EUA-139 bacterial isolate, the optimum conditions were a carbon source of 1% (v/v) maltose, a nitrogen source of 1% (v/v) KNO3, casein as the inducer, and an inoculum concentration of 7.5% (v/v). Molecular identification of isolates EUA-136 and EUA-139 revealed similarities to Bacillus cereus strain 3TC-3 and Bacillus paramycoides 3665, respectively.
Pembudidaya ikan pada umumnya mengalami kesulitan dalam menyediakan pakan buatan (pellet) yang berkualitas karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam teknologi pengolahan dan pembuatan pakan alternatif. Disamping itu biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk pengadaan pakan relatif besar mencapai 70 – 80 % dari total biaya produksi. Namun penyediaan pakan sering menjadi kendala karena selain harganya yang semakin hari semakin mahal, juga kualitas pakan yang tersedia tidak selalu sesuai dengan kebutuhan nutrisi yang dibutuhkan oleh ikan. Pemberian pakan berkualitas pada ikan nila yang dibudidayakan secara intensif sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas yang dihasilkan. Semakin tinggi kualitas pakan maka produksi yang dihasilkan juga akan semakin meningkat. Salah satu teknologi yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah pembuatan pakan formulated diet alternatif dengan menggunakan bahan baku lokal. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah transfer ilmu pengetahuan yang disajikan dalam kegiatan sosialisasi berupa: 1) pengenalan jenis-jenis bahan pakan ikan alternatif yang bersumber dari daerah tersebut, (2) Penyusunan formulasi pakan buatan ikan nila, (3) pelatihan teknologi pembuatan pakan buatan (pellet) serta, 4) pemantauan dan pendampingan. Sosialisasi dilakukan dalam bentuk ceramah dan dilanjutkan dengan sesi tanya jawab. Hasil kegiatan peternak mengenal jenis-jenis pakan lokal yang dapat digunakan sebagai pakan ikan, mengetahui formula pakan dan teknologi pembuatan pakan buatan alternatif. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang telah dimiliki pembudidaya ikan diharapkan dapat mengatasi kesulitan pembudidaya ikan dalam menyediakan pakan sehingga produksi dan usaha budidaya ikan meningkat.
A study on screening and characterization odf cellulolytic thermophylic bacteria from Sungai Medang hot spring was conducted on May to June 2012 using purposive sampling methods. This study aimed to find a cellulolytic thermophylic bacterium and to analyze its cellulolyties. Twenty eight cellulolytic thermophylic bacteria were isolated from Sungai Medang hot springs. The highest enzymatic activity (amylolytic and proteolytic activity) was shown by isolate MII2.1 from a location at which the temperature was 78oC. This isolate was characterized as an aerobic bacterium, gram negative and non motile. The form of colony was a circular margin, smooth shiny surface and elevation flat. Keywords: amylolytic, bacterium, cellulolytic, proteolytic, thermophylic
The characterization of biopesticide compounds from extract of fermentation products using Bacillus subtilis AAF2 UAAC 20701 has been investigated.The fermentation process was carried out in a 1 liter volume bioreactor using a modified corn immersion media with 110 rpm agitation, 37 0 C temperature, initial pH of 7, for 48 hours.Supernatant from fermented products that have been separated from bacterial cells, then extracted and fractionated using organic solvents: hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate.Each fraction was dried and tested for its antimicrobial activity against the Ralstonia solanacearum fungal test, Xanthomonas campestris, Fusarium oxysporum and Ssclerotium rolfsii.The separation of active substance compounds was performed by preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and subsequently characterized using Ultra violet-Visible (UV-Vis), Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectra (LC-MS).The results showed that the highest antibiotic activity was obtained from ethyl acetate extract with 100% resistance to both fungi isolates, followed by dichloromethane extract with 76.0% resistance to Fusarium oxysporum and 63.3% to Sclerotiumrolfsii, and the lowest activity was obtained in hexane extract with resistance of 72.0% to Fusarium oxysporum and 38.3% to Sclerotium rolfsii.The ethyl acetate extract has two compounds, with Rf of 0.78 (AAF2 1 ) and 0.59 (AAF2 2 ) respectively.The AAF2 2 compounds had high antibiotic activity against Fusarium oxysporum (92.0%) and Sclerotium rolfsii (91.7%), compared with AAF2 1 to Fusariumoxysporum (70.0%) and Sclerotiumrolfsii (55.0%).Both AAF2 1 and AAF2 2 is a potential compound to be developed as biopesticide.The AAF2 2 compound is allegedly to be L-Homocysteine (C8H16N2O4S2).
Abstract Goat milk is a food ingredient with high nutritional content and is a good medium for microbial growth. An effort to maintain the nutritional quality of goat’s milk by a sustainable way, i.e. making milk into yogurt. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing the dose and incubation time on microbiological quality (number of starters, number of coliforms, yeasts, and fungi) and fatty acids of fermented goat’s milk yogurt with isolate Pediococcus pentosaceus Strain N6. The study used a factorial 3 x 3 Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 repetitions. Factor I: starter dose: 3% (D1), 6% (D2), and 9% (D3). Factor II, incubation time: 6 (L1), 12 (L2), and 18 hours (L3). Incubation temperature 45°C. Parameters consist of microbiological quality and yogurt fatty acids. The results of treatment with a starter dose of 9% (D3) and an incubation time of 18 hours (L3) showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on improving the microbiological quality of yogurt. i.e. the number of coliforms, yeast, and fungus. In this study, the total starter colonies were 8.2 x 10 7 CFU/ml. Caproic (C6), Capric (C10), and Caprylic (C8) fatty acids after fermentation decreased by 1.07%, 2.09%, and 7.06% so the strong aroma of goat’s milk yogurt decreased.
The study used survey method and the data were analysed descriptively. The selection of the bacteria which produce antibiotic had been with paper disk method and used Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as the sample bacteria. This result showed pH 7,0 was succesful optimum pH antibiotic produced for Bacillus sp.1 and Bacillus sp.2. and 370C was the optimum temperature to antibiotic produced from Bacillus sp.1 and Bacillus sp.2.
