PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQL) of healthy subjects and those with psychiatric or somatic diseases. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight dimensions of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 (RAND-36) were investigated in a population-based sample. FINDINGS: Scores in all 8 RAND dimensions were lower in subjects with psychiatric diagnoses than in healthy subjects. In logistic regression models, poor social functioning (odds ratio [OR] 1.07–1.12) associated with psychiatric diagnoses. Lowered energy (OR 1.06) associated with major depression, poor general health with personality disorders (OR 1.06) and heart disease (OR 1.06), and physical limitations with heart (OR 1.04) and musculoskeletal disease (OR 1.07). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Acknowledging the lowest HRQL dimensions among subjects with psychiatric diagnoses may help to promote mental, physical, and social well-being more efficiently.
Laadullinen ja maarallinen tutkimus taydentavat toisiaan, vaikka ne eroavat jossain maarin toisistaan tavoitteiltaan ja toteutukseltaan. Kuvaamme laadullista terveystutkimusta esimerkilla, jossa on kaytetty terveystieteissa yleisesti sovellettua »grounded theorya». Laadullisessa terveystutkimuksessa selvitetaan ihmisen kasityksia omasta terveydestaan ja sen hoitamisesta, sairauden kokemusta tai hoitamiskaytantoa mahdollisimman luonnollisissa olosuhteissa. Talloin tutkimuksen kohteena olevaa ilmiota tarkastellaan avoimesti ilman sitovaa etukateissuunnitelmaa. Tuloksena syntyy tutkittavaa ilmiota kuvaava teoreettinen rakennelma, jota voidaan hyodyntaa sellaisenaan kaytannon toiminnan ohjaamiseen mutta myos maarallisen jatkotutkimuksen pohjana.
The purpose of this integrative literature review is to describe existing research knowledge on short-term counselling of patients and family members undergoing acute health change. The data consisted of 25 research articles and five literature reviews from the years 2003-2015, analysed using inductive content analysis. The research knowledge was found to describe elements of good patient counselling, satisfaction with the elements of good patient counselling, developing the elements of good patient counselling and impact of the patient counselling elements. Focussing on the patient’s individual life situation, use of multiple counselling methods and provision of information in good interaction contribute to high quality patient counselling. Some patients and family members were satisfied with the patient counselling elements while others expressed needs for the development of the elements. The conflicting results indicate a need to develop a uniform, systematic patient counselling method, with special attention paid on the quality of counselling.
Male participation in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV has been determined as one of the key factors in sub-Saharan African countries, but its realization is challenging because of male-related and institutional factors. The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, we explored the views of Luba-Kasai men, living in Zambia in the Lusaka Province, on the factors that encourage, inconvenience or inhibit them in accompanying their wives to the antenatal clinic and their ideas to improve their experience. Secondly, the study considered their knowledge of the PMTCT program and how such knowledge conformed to the Zambian National Protocol Guidelines Integrated PMTCT of HIV/AIDS. Twenty-one interviews were analyzed using qualitative inductive content analysis. The National Protocol Guidelines Integrated PMTCT of HIV/AIDS were analyzed using the deductive content analysis. The encouraging factors that emerged were involvement in the program, the time of delivery, love and care, and also the suspicion of corruption. The inconveniencing factors were the arrangements and working culture of the clinic, together with stigma and guilt. A lack of motivation, fear of death, socioeconomic circumstances and again the arrangements and working culture at the clinic were held as inhibiting factors. The ideas to remove inconvenient factors were maintaining a spiritual outlook on life, education, interaction, a good mood and a sense of meaningfulness. Considering such male views and paying attention to minorities in the development of national PMTCT of HIV Programs may enhance male participation in the process.
The purpose of this study was to describe self-mutilation from the perspectives of self-mutilating adolescents. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Self-mutilating adolescents were asked to write descriptions of their self-mutilation. Data analysis revealed three major categories: descriptions of the factors contributing to self-mutilation, descriptions of the act of self-mutilation, and descriptions of the sequels of self-mutilation. This study adds to our understanding of self-mutilation and the experiences of self-mutilating adolescents. In nursing practice and education, self-mutilation should be discussed based on existing knowledge to make nurses more familiar with it. Nurses should understand this phenomenon as a challenge for developing effective nursing practices.
Kinnunen P, Laukkanen E, Kylmä J. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16 : 43–50 Associations between psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence and mental health symptoms in early adulthood This longitudinal study explored associations between psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence and mental health symptoms in early adulthood. The baseline data were collected in 1996 from 14‐year‐old pupils ( n = 235; 116 girls, 119 boys) at schools using a structured questionnaire that included a 14‐item scale of psychosomatic symptoms. The follow‐up data were collected in 2006 from the same persons at the age of 24 using the Symptom Checklist‐90. Follow‐up questionnaires were returned by 149 (63.4%) young adults (88 women and 61 men). Young adults who had many psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence suffered more often than the others from somatization and anxiety symptoms in early adulthood. In addition, women had more symptoms of depression and paranoid ideation, and men had more interpersonal sensitivity and psychotic symptoms. Psychosomatic symptoms in adolescence might be important signals of mental health and this should be taken seriously in school health and in general primary care.
To examine emotional support given by nurses to family members in the acute phase after a working-aged patient's stroke based on nurses' and family members' experiences.The number of patients with stroke is increasing globally. There is a lack of knowledge about the emotional support of family members during the acute phase of working-aged stroke victims. To be able to provide high-quality nursing care during this phase, we need information about emotional support from family members' and nurses' perspective.Using a Glaserian grounded theory approach, the study was conducted using open interviews with family members and group interviews with nurses. Data were collected between 2012-2013.In this study, emotional support is identified as Caring Interaction. The changed life situation and diverse feelings aroused by the stroke are the starting point of providing emotional support to family members. It is important that the nurses notice family members' need for support at the right time, use their intuition and respond appropriately.The patient's family members are important when providing holistic nursing care for the whole family. As well as providing emotional support, high-quality nursing interventions enhance the care of family members. This study provides an explanation of the interaction process between family members and nurses. It helps family members and nurses to better understand each other. Although the data were collected 5 years ago, it is assumed that the interaction between family members and nurses has not changed during these years remarkably.According to the experiences of family members and nurses who participated in this research, emotional support manifests in Caring Interaction. Being aware of body language and behaviour of family members, nurses can better interact with them.
