Introduction. Alcohol dependence (AD) and sleep disturbance (SD) independently affect gut microbiota, potentially disrupting the circadian rhythm of the microbiota and the host. However, the impact of SD on the composition and rhythmicity of gut flora in AD patients remains poorly understood. Gap Statement. Characteristics of gut flora and diurnal oscillations in AD patients experiencing SD are unknown. Aim. This study aims to explore alterations in gut flora and diurnal oscillations in AD patients experiencing SD. Methodology. Thirty-two AD patients and 20 healthy subjects participated, providing faecal samples at 7 : 00 AM, 11 : 00 AM, 3 : 00 PM and 7 : 00 PM for gut microbiota analysis using 16S rDNA sequencing. AD patients were further categorized into those with poor sleep (ADwPS) and those with good sleep (ADwGS) for further analyses. Results. The ADwPS group demonstrated elevated levels of anxiety, depression and withdrawal severity compared to the ADwGS group (all P <0.05). The β-diversity of gut microbiota in the ADwPS group differed from that in the ADwGS group ( P <0.05). Bacterial abundances at various taxonomic levels, including Cyanobacteria and Pseudomonadales, differed between the ADwPS and ADwGS groups (all P <0.05). Utilizing unweighted UniFrac analysis, the β-diversity of gut microbiota in the ADwPS group demonstrated robust diurnal oscillation ( P <0.05), whereas this pattern was statistically insignificant in the ADwGS group. Notably, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonadales and Pseudomonadaceae exhibited marked diurnal fluctuation in the ADwPS group (all P <0.05). Conclusion. SD in AD patients extends beyond alcohol-induced alterations, impacting gut microbiota composition, function and diurnal oscillation patterns. This highlights its add-on influence, supplementing AD-related changes.
A temperature-insensitive fiber-optic displacement sensing scheme by cascading the fiber up taper and Bragg grating is experimentally demonstrated. The strength-robust up taper, which is fabricated by excessively splicing the Bragg grating to the interrogation fiber, functions as the bridge between the core mode and the cladding modes. This cascading structure realizes the cladding-mode backward recoupling, and displacement information can be directly read out by measuring the power of the highly bending sensitive recoupled cladding modes. Two sensing configurations that respectively utilize the normal fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and the uniform chirped FBG (CFBG) for the cladding-mode backward recoupling have been studied contrastively, in which the tunability of the up taper is fully validated to support a better dynamic range of the measurement. Aiming to improve the low reflection power and enhance the sensing sensitivity, the CFBG is used, and the reflection power is increased by more than 200 times and reaches 176 μW, which lowers the precision requirement for the optical power meter and potentially reduces the cost of the sensing system.
Uncontrollable haemorrhage from deep, noncompressible wounds remains a persistent and intractable challenge, accounting for a very high proportion of deaths in both war and disaster situations. Recently, injectable hydrogels have been increasingly studied as potential haemostatic materials, highlighting their enormous potential for the management of noncompressible haemorrhages. In this review, we summarize haemostatic mechanisms, commonly used clinical haemostatic methods, and the research progress on injectable haemostatic hydrogels. We emphasize the current status of injectable hydrogels as haemostatic materials, including their physical and chemical properties, design strategy, haemostatic mechanisms, and application in various types of wounds. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of injectable hydrogels as haemostatic materials, as well as the opportunities and challenges involved. Finally, we propose cutting-edge research avenues to address these challenges and opportunities, including the combination of injectable hydrogels with advanced materials and innovative strategies to increase their biocompatibility and tune their degradation profile. Surface modifications for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as the delivery of growth factors or other biologics for optimal wound healing, are also suggested. We believe that this paper will inform researchers about the current status of the use of injectable haemostatic hydrogels for noncompressible haemorrhage and spark new ideas for those striving to propel this field forward.
Theoretical simulations were carried out to evaluate the properties of terahertz (THz) generation in β-BaTeMo2O9 (βBTM) crystal by stimulated polariton scattering (SPS) process. The effects of different polariton modes on THz generation were analyzed, from which we determined the optimal crystal design and polarizations of the coupled waves. The dispersion and absorption characteristics of these vibration modes were also given based on the first-principle calculation and correlation Raman spectrum. Finally, the angle phase matching property and THz-wave gain were calculated. Simulation results showed that β-BTM is a kind of potential material for high-power tunable THz generation.
Crush syndrome (CS), alternatively termed traumatic rhabdomyolysis, is a paramount posttraumatic complication. Given the infeasibility of conducting direct simulation research in humans, the role of animal models is pivotal. Regrettably, the dearth of standardized animal models persists. The objective of this study was to construct a repeatable standardized rat CS models and, based on this, simulate specific clinical scenarios. Methods: Using a self-developed multichannel intelligent small-animal crush injury platform, we applied a force of 5 kg to the hind limbs of 8-week-old rats (280-300 g), subjecting them to a continuous 12 h compression to establish the CS model. Continuous monitoring was conducted for both the lower limbs and the overall body status. After decompression, biochemical samples were collected at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. In addition, we created a CS model after resection of the left kidney (UNx-CS), which was conceptualized to simulate a more challenging clinical scenario to investigate the physiological and pathological responses rats with renal insufficiency combined with crush injury. The results were compared with those of the normal CS model group. Results : Our experiments confirm the stability of the crush injury platform. We defined the standardized conditions for modeling and successfully established rats CS model in bulk. After 12 h of compression, only 40% of the rats in the CS group survived for 24 h. Systemically, there was clear evidence of insufficient perfusion, reflecting the progression of CS from localized to generalized. The injured limbs displayed swelling, localized perfusion deficits, and severe pathological alterations. Significant changes were observed in blood biochemical markers: aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, K+, creatine kinase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels rose rapidly after decompression and were significantly higher than the sham group. The kidney demonstrated characteristic pathological changes consistent with established CS diagnostic criteria. Although the UNx-CS rat model did not exhibit significant biochemical differences and pathological scores when compared with the standard CS model, it did yield intriguing results with regard to kidney morphology. The UNx-CS group manifested a higher incidence of cortical and medullary protein casts compared with the NC-CS group. Conclusion: We developed and iteratively refined a novel digital platform, addressing the multiple uncontrollable variables that plagued prior models. This study validated the stability of the platform, defined the standardized conditions for modeling and successfully established the CS model with good repeatability in bulk. In addition, our innovative approach to model a clinically challenging scenario, the UNx-CS rat model. This offers an opportunity to delve deeper into understanding the combined effects of preexisting renal compromise and traumatic injury. In summary, the development of a standardized, reproducible CS model in rats represents a significant milestone in the study of Crush syndrome. This study is of paramount significance as it advances the standardization of the CS model, laying a solid foundation for subsequent studies in related domains, especially in CS-AKI.
A new sensor for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature based on core-offset inter-modal interferometer with an embedded FBG is proposed. The strain and temperature resolutions are ± 23.76 µe and ± 0.39 °C, respectively.
Aspiration is one common complication during medical service practice, and could also incur severe outcome in elderly patient. We had three patients experienced this kind of accidence unfortunately last month, and only one survived at last. Hence, we advised physicians should be more alert to this complication, especially for elderly patients with some illness, and perform the deglutition training program regularly in case.
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