To evaluate and validate network planning criteria for HV networks and HV/MV substations, EDPD has developed a risk analysis methodology to calculate power supply failure risk associated with different network and substation typologies. In this paper we present results obtained with the methodology developed for substation topology risks and network topology risks. Maximum equivalent interruption times are shown for different reserve capacities, load/capacity ratios, and line lengths. Our results help assess EDPD’s planning criteria and validate its risk matrix based policy.
The evolution of the electrical system towards decentralisation, with intermittent generation and responsive loads, has created important challenges in terms of planning and operating the distribution grid. Being aware of such challenges, EDP Distribuição developed a data analytics methodology to better understand loads and generation patterns and enhance the support to investment decisions by embracing through an explicit risk-controlled probabilistic paradigm. This study presents a comparison between an investment analysis based on a static approach of loads and an analysis based on the stochastic properties of loads and generation profiles. Furthermore, the authors will discuss the impact of such change on the EDP Distribuição operations.
Implementation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in low-voltage grids (LVGs) has increased in recent years and future perspectives account for it to keep growing. Technology advancements followed by large commercialisation, led to a fast decrease of PV systems prices which made them a competitive solution for distributed energy production. Such changes require a reformulation of the way electricity distribution is perceived and present new challenges for distribution system operators (DSO) that have to find innovative solutions and might need to invest in new technologies such as batteries to manage energy supply. The considerable improvement in battery systems in the past few years lead to the belief that it will play an important role in future electric grids coupled with PV systems. With this assumptions, it is important first to understand the changes that occur in consumption and production load profiles along the year. As a result of this study, it was observed that, for the analysed LVG, it would be more economically efficient for the electric system, composed by clients and distributors, to introduce batteries at a client's level and that the impact for the DSO will be negligible from a grid losses and grid violations point of view.
Until now, LV grid problems have been identified mostly based on client contacts or complaints (registered after an incident occurrence) or with data from MV equipment that are, however reliable, unrepresentative of the actual individual conditions of LV clients. Using smart meter data, E-REDES has created a problematic LV grid detection model to massively monitor the current state of the LV grid through QoS (Quality of Service) alarms that flag deviations from the allowable voltage limits. The model uses this data to process and rank LV substations by a monthly criticality index using a Big Data infrastructure on the Cloud, where it also aggregates information from other sources, such as: location of the clients; connection to LV substations; registered complaints; MV QoS information. The detection model culminates in a geographical tool that provides a visual map with the location, and type of problem, of affected and unaffected clients in their respective LV network, making it easy to visualize the most critical LV grids and make a quick diagnosis of the problem.
Distributed generation (DG) can have an important impact over distribution grids, especially concerning voltage levels, reliability, line losses and planning methodologies. This paper presents two case-studies assessing the impact of the connection of significant amounts of DG with distribution networks. The first case-study shows a medium voltage (MV) 30 kV distribution grid connected with a substation located in a mainly industrial area of the North of Portugal, having several cogenerations plants in some industrial units (dispatchable DG). The second case-study is related with the high voltage (HV) 60 kV distribution grid that feeds two HV-MV substations located in the centre of Portugal, which has associated some wind farms (non-dispatchable DG). In both cases significant benefits can be observed