Cancer cells are known for aberrant methylation patterns leading to altered gene expression and tumor progression. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are responsible for regulating DNA methylation in normal cells. However, many aberrant versions of DNMTs have been identified to date and their role in cancer continues to be elucidated. It has been previously shown that an aberrant version of a de novo methylase, DNMT3B7, is expressed in many cancer cell lines and has a functional role in the progression of breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and lymphoma. It is clear that DNMT3B7 is important to tumor development in vitro and in vivo, but it is unknown if expression of the transcript in all of these cell lines translates to relevant clinical results. In this study, a bioinformatics approach was utilized to test the hypothesis that DNMT3B7 expression corresponds to tumor progression in patient samples across cancer types. Gene expression and clinical data were obtained from the Genomic Data Commons for the 33 cancer types available and analyzed for DNMT3B7 expression with relation to tissue type in matched and unmatched samples, staging of tumors, and patient survival. Here we present the results of this analysis indicating a role for DNMT3B7 in tumor progression of many additional cancer types. Based on these data, future in vitro and in vivo studies can be prioritized to examine DNMT3B7 in cancer and, hopefully, develop novel therapeutics to target this aberrant transcript across multiple tumor types.
To paraphrase Helen Keller, it is worse to be deaf than to be blind because blindness only cuts you off from things while deafness cuts you off from people.Also, unlike vision problems, hearing impairment isn't readily apparent.People don't help you.Instead they often ridicule and humiliate you."What's the matter?Are you deaf?"They would never do this sort of thing to a blind person.People often don't know what's wrong or why the hearing-impaired person doesn't respond or responds inappropriately.They tend to think the person is being rude or is intellectually challenged.I'd like to take a few minutes to summarize the handicaps resulting from noise-induced hearing impairment.There are four categories: (1) the impact on communication, (2) the impact on self-esteem, (3) the effect on a person's interaction with their environment, and (4) the effect on intimate relationships.
New Zealand was an early adopter of the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) and its unique preventive approach. It is now over 10 years since New Zealand established its multi-body National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) to fulfil its obligations under the OPCAT. This paper provides a critical analysis of the extent to which New Zealand’s NPM has improved the protection of human rights of those deprived of their liberty. The paper unpacks domestic legal and policy settings and assesses them against New Zealand’s binding international obligations. In particular it considers the extent to which New Zealand’s NPM has influenced change in the legislative framework, conditions in places where people are deprived of their liberty, restrictive practices, and the treatment of vulnerable populations deprived of their liberty. It further considers current limitations on the OPCAT mandate and how this impacts on New Zealand fulfilling its binding international human rights obligations. The paper identifies both good practice and lessons learned for States who are considering ratifying OPCAT, or who are in the process of establishing NPMs.
Although consistency has long been positioned as a cornerstone of trust, we explore situations in which consistency undermines trust. Across one pilot study and seven preregistered experiments (total N = 3,000), we study trust in authority figures (e.g., police officers, managers) who either consistently punish offenders according to codified rules (e.g., laws, policies) or who exercise discretion by occasionally deviating from rules. We find that people are more likely to trust authority figures that exercise discretion rather than consistency to the extent that discretion signals benevolence. Specifically, people reward authority figures who use discretion leniently (rather than punitively) and apply it thoughtfully (rather than arbitrarily). Moreover, only certain cases are deemed fit for lenient discretion. When discretion is perceived to be motivated by favoritism because it is applied to close others, or when the basis for discretion is unclear because there is little variance in cases of the crime being punished, discretion fails to signal benevolence and trustworthiness. This research has important implications for understanding trust, discretion, and the reputational consequences of punishment.
In this symposium, we advance feedback research by considering how perceptions guide effective feedback interactions. By perceptions, we mean how providers and recipients view one another and their relationship, as well as how they view the feedback being relayed and tasks being evaluated. This symposium brings together leading scholars to consider the role of perceptions at each stage of a feedback interaction – at the beginning, when givers are considering feedback delivery, in the middle, when it is delivered and interpreted, and after the interaction, when its consequences unfold. In doing so, the symposium examines the implications of feedback interactions across multiple levels, building from the dyadic level, to the group level, crowd level, and ultimately, the societal level, yielding policy-relevant insights. The presentations were also selected to exhibit the breadth of methodologies that are being applied to explore the role of perceptions in feedback interactions. The papers include findings from surveys, archival field data, and experiments. Together, these presentations propose theories and offer practical implications that will advance our understanding of – and insight into how to improve – feedback processes. Mistaking Employee Silence for Satisfaction and Other Manager Misperceptions Author: Erik Santoro; - Author: Frank Flynn; Stanford U. Author: Benoit Monin; Stanford Graduate School of Business Unpacking the Power of Feedback: Investigating the Structure of Effective Feedback Author: Yingyue Luan; Cambridge Judge Business School Author: YeunJoon Kim; U. of Cambridge Author: Myung Chung; Cambridge Judge Business School Interpreter of Maladies: How Feedback Aggregators Interpret Conflicting Feedback Author: Ting Zhang; Harvard Business School Author: Michael White; Columbia Business School Author: Tuna Cem Hayirli; Harvard Business School Candid Disclosure in Team Debriefs Author: Nate Fulham; - Author: Matthew A. Diabes; Carnegie Mellon U. - Tepper School of Business Author: Binyamin Cooper; Morgan State U. Author: Taya R. Cohen; Carnegie Mellon U. - Tepper School of Business The Failure Gap Author: Lauren Eskreis-Winkler; Northwestern Kellogg School of Management Author: Kaitlin Woolley; Cornell SC Johnson College of Business Author: Eliana Polimeni; Northwestern Kellogg School of Management
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