Paul H. Reeves

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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George Coupland

Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research

Jason W. Reed

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Punita Nagpal

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Charles Hodgens

Knoxville College

Miin‐Feng Wu

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Vandana Yadav

Sharda University

Keun Chae

Texas A&M University

Aurore Chételat

University of Lausanne

Yvon Jaillais

Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes

Edward E. Farmer

University of Lausanne

Cooperative Institutions

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

John Innes Centre

Max Planck Society

Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes

Norwich Research Park

University of Minnesota

University of Tsukuba

École Normale Supérieure de Lyon

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Three Auxin Response Factors Promote Hypocotyl Elongation

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2018)

Jason W. Reed Miin‐Feng Wu Paul H. Reeves Charles Hodgens Vandana Yadav

The hormone auxin regulates growth largely by affecting gene expression. By studying Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs), we have identified three ARF proteins that are required for auxin-responsive hypocotyl elongation. Plants deficient in these factors have reduced responses to environmental conditions that increase auxin levels, including far-red-enriched light and high temperature. Despite having decreased auxin responses, the ARF-deficient plants responded to brassinosteroid and gibberellin, indicating that different hormones can act partially independently. Aux/IAA proteins, encoded by IAA genes, interact with ARF proteins to repress auxin response. Silencing expression of multiple IAA genes increased hypocotyl elongation, suggesting that Aux/IAA proteins modulate ARF activity in hypocotyls in a potential negative feedback loop.

Brassinosteroid

Plant hormone

Shade avoidance

Elongation

10.1104/pp.18.00718

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Citations (92)

The regulation of flowering time by daylength in Arabidopsis.

PubMed (1998)

George Coupland M. Isabel Igeño R Law Simon Robert J. Schaffer Giovanni Murtas

We are studying several Arabidopsis mutants that show altered regulation of flowering time in response to daylength. One of the mutations we are studying, constans, delays flowering under long days but has no effect under short days. Analysis of the expression of the CONSTANS gene, and modification of its expression in transgenic plants, suggests that this gene promotes flowering in response to long days and that the delay in flowering that occurs in wild-type plants under short days is at least in part due to regulation of CONSTANS gene transcription. We describe genetic approaches that we are taking to identify genes that act in the same genetic pathway as CONSTANS, and in particular the relationship between CONSTANS and two other genes that we are studying. These are LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, for which we have a dominant mutant allele that causes late flowering, and EARLY SHORT DAYS 4, whose inactivation causes early flowering. In addition to their effects on flowering time, the over-expression of CONSTANS and the inactivation of EARLY SHORT DAYS 4 cause the Arabidopsis shoot to become determinate and therefore to terminate development prematurely. This phenotype is discussed in light of other genes that have previously been shown to be required to maintain indeterminate development of the shoot.

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early in short days 4, a mutation inArabidopsisthat causes early flowering and reduces the mRNA abundance of the floral repressorFLC

Development (2002)

Paul H. Reeves Giovanni Murtas Sudhansu Dash George Coupland

The plant shoot is derived from the apical meristem, a group of stem cells formed during embryogenesis. Lateral organs form on the shoot of an adult plant from primordia that arise on the flanks of the shoot apical meristem. Environmental stimuli such as light, temperature and nutrient availability often influence the shape and identity of the organs that develop from these primordia. In particular, the transition from forming vegetative lateral organs to producing flowers often occurs in response to environmental cues. This transition requires increased expression in primordia of genes that confer floral identity, such as the Arabidopsis gene LEAFY. We describe a novel mutant, early in short days 4 (esd4), that dramatically accelerates the transition from vegetative growth to flowering in Arabidopsis: The effect of the mutation is strongest under short photoperiods, which delay flowering of Arabidopsis: The mutant has additional phenotypes, including premature termination of the shoot and an alteration of phyllotaxy along the stem, suggesting that ESD4 has a broader role in plant development. Genetic analysis indicates that ESD4 is most closely associated with the autonomous floral promotion pathway, one of the well-characterized pathways proposed to promote flowering of Arabidopsis: Furthermore, mRNA levels of a floral repressor (FLC), which acts within this pathway, are reduced by esd4, and the expression of flowering-time genes repressed by FLC is increased in the presence of the esd4 mutation. Although the reduction in FLC mRNA abundance is likely to contribute to the esd4 phenotype, our data suggest that esd4 also promotes flowering independently of FLC. The role of ESD4 in the regulation of flowering is discussed with reference to current models on the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis.

Primordium

Vernalization

Leafy

Phyllotaxis

10.1242/dev.00113

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Citations (104)

A Regulatory Network for Coordinated Flower Maturation

Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (2012)

Paul H. Reeves Christine Ellis Sara E. Ploense Miin‐Feng Wu Vandana Yadav

10.17615/qc2e-g010

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A Regulatory Network for Coordinated Flower Maturation

PLoS Genetics (2012)

Paul H. Reeves Christine Ellis Sara E. Ploense Miin‐Feng Wu Vandana Yadav

For self-pollinating plants to reproduce, male and female organ development must be coordinated as flowers mature. The Arabidopsis transcription factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6) and ARF8 regulate this complex process by promoting petal expansion, stamen filament elongation, anther dehiscence, and gynoecium maturation, thereby ensuring that pollen released from the anthers is deposited on the stigma of a receptive gynoecium. ARF6 and ARF8 induce jasmonate production, which in turn triggers expression of MYB21 and MYB24, encoding R2R3 MYB transcription factors that promote petal and stamen growth. To understand the dynamics of this flower maturation regulatory network, we have characterized morphological, chemical, and global gene expression phenotypes of arf, myb, and jasmonate pathway mutant flowers. We found that MYB21 and MYB24 promoted not only petal and stamen development but also gynoecium growth. As well as regulating reproductive competence, both the ARF and MYB factors promoted nectary development or function and volatile sesquiterpene production, which may attract insect pollinators and/or repel pathogens. Mutants lacking jasmonate synthesis or response had decreased MYB21 expression and stamen and petal growth at the stage when flowers normally open, but had increased MYB21 expression in petals of older flowers, resulting in renewed and persistent petal expansion at later stages. Both auxin response and jasmonate synthesis promoted positive feedbacks that may ensure rapid petal and stamen growth as flowers open. MYB21 also fed back negatively on expression of jasmonate biosynthesis pathway genes to decrease flower jasmonate level, which correlated with termination of growth after flowers have opened. These dynamic feedbacks may promote timely, coordinated, and transient growth of flower organs.

Petal

Jasmonate

MYB

Sepal

10.1371/journal.pgen.1002506

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Citations (237)

Molecular and genetic characterisation of early in short days 4, and Arabidopsis gene involved in the regulation of flowering.

Paul H. Reeves

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SAUR63 stimulates cell growth at the plasma membrane

Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (2022)

Punita Nagpal Paul H. Reeves Jeh Haur Wong Laia Armengot Keun Chae

10.17615/3tk2-t667

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Response of plant development to environment: control of flowering by daylength and temperature

Current Opinion in Plant Biology (2000)

Paul H. Reeves George Coupland

Vernalization

Primordium

10.1016/s1369-5266(99)00041-2

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Citations (147)

Control of flowering by photoperiod in long and short day plants

GBM Annual Spring meeting Mosbach 2003 (2003)

George Coupland Aidyn Mouradov Ryosuke Hayama Federico Valverde Paul H. Reeves

Long day

Day length

10.1240/sav_gbm_2003_m_000337

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Functional importance of conserved domains in the flowering‐time gene CONSTANS demonstrated by analysis of mutant alleles and transgenic plants

The Plant Journal (2001)

Frances Robson Maria Manuela Ribeiro Costa Shelley R. Hepworth Igor Vizir Manuel Pin ̃eiro

Summary CONSTANS promotes flowering of Arabidopsis in response to long‐day conditions. We show that CONSTANS is a member of an Arabidopsis gene family that comprises 16 other members. The CO‐Like proteins encoded by these genes contain two segments of homology: a zinc finger containing region near their amino terminus and a CCT (CO, CO‐Like, TOC1) domain near their carboxy terminus. Analysis of seven classical co mutant alleles demonstrated that the mutations all occur within either the zinc finger region or the CCT domain, confirming that the two regions of homology are important for CO function. The zinc fingers are most similar to those of B‐boxes, which act as protein–protein interaction domains in several transcription factors described in animals. Segments of CO protein containing the CCT domain localize GFP to the nucleus, but one mutation that affects the CCT domain delays flowering without affecting the nuclear localization function, suggesting that this domain has additional functions. All eight co alleles, including one recovered by pollen irradiation in which DNA encoding both B‐boxes is deleted, are shown to be semidominant. This dominance appears to be largely due to a reduction in CO dosage in the heterozygous plants. However, some alleles may also actively delay flowering, because overexpression from the CaMV 35S promoter of the co‐3 allele, that has a mutation in the second B‐box, delayed flowering of wild‐type plants. The significance of these observations for the role of CO in the control of flowering time is discussed.

RING finger domain

Homology

Null allele

10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01163.x

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Citations (458)